अApnaFunda

CRAYONS ADVERTISING LIMITED (CRAYONS)

Commercial Services

Quality scoreHow the business itself ranks against its sector peers on profitability, 3-year growth and leverage. 50 is the middle of the sector.50 / 100
Profitability 16Balance sheet 83
Share Price
₹26.50
P/E
17.2x
ROCE
6.0%
Market Cap
₹65 cr
Revenue (TTM)
₹313 cr
P/S
0.2x
P/B
0.5x
ROE
3.1%
Debt / Equity
0.1x
Promoter Holding
73.5%
12M Momentum
-44.4%
P/E vs its own history86th percentilesince Jun '24
P/E vs Commercial Services0.9xthe sector median

52-week range

₹22.55₹64.00
10% of the way from its 52-week low to its high

Price risk

1Y volatility
73.9%
Beta vs sector
1-year daily
0.60

Balance sheet & cash

Interest cover
operating profit ÷ interest
7.0x
Cash from profit, 3Y
operating cash flow ÷ net profit
-0.67x
low
Share count, 1Y
unchanged

Was the rally earned?

-44%share price, 1 yearEarnings-driven

Mostly earnings.

  • Per-share earnings took off 81 points, while the multiple moved less (P/E 10.6x to 17.2x).
  • The share count barely moved.
1 year Net profit growth: -81 pts. Points of the price return explained by net profit growing (or shrinking).-81 ptsP/E change: +36 pts. Points of the price return explained by the market paying a higher or lower P/E multiple.+36 ptsShare count change: +0 pts. Points of the price return explained by the share count changing. More shares count against the price. -44% 1 year Net profit growth: -81 pts. Points of the price return explained by net profit growing (or shrinking).-81 ptsP/E change: +36 pts. Points of the price return explained by the market paying a higher or lower P/E multiple.+36 ptsShare count change: +0 pts. Points of the price return explained by the share count changing. More shares count against the price. -44%
Net profit growth-81 ptsNet profit fell about 66%, which lowers the price.
P/E change+36 ptsThe P/E rose from 10.6x to 17.2x, which lifts the price.
Share count change0 ptsShare count was little changed. More shares would count against the price.
What do "pts" mean?

"pts" are percentage points of the share price return. The parts add up to the total shown for each period. Because price = P/E × net profit ÷ share count, higher profit pushes the price up, a higher P/E pushes it up, and more shares push it down.

Example: if the price rose 34% and profit growth accounts for +58 pts while a lower P/E accounts for -24 pts, then 58 - 24 = 34. The +58 is not the profit growth rate itself: it is the part of the price move that profit growth explains.

Not shown for 3 years and 5 years: earnings were negative at one end, or there is not enough history.

Net profit is trailing twelve months as reported with a 60-day lag.

Compare this with SIGNPOST INDIA

Is it expensive against its own past and its peers?

17.2xP/E todayNear its historic high
Against its own history86th percentileMedian 11.8x; usual range 7.2x to 18.0x since 2024-06.
Against Commercial Services17.2x vs 19.9xBelow the Commercial Services median.
5.5x15.7x25.8x36.0xJun '24Dec '24Jun '25Dec '25Jun '26Oct '265.5x15.7x25.8x36.0xJun '24Apr '25Feb '26Oct '26
P/E (this company)10th to 90th percentile of its own historyIts medianCommercial Services median

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P/B (this company)10th to 90th percentile of its own historyIts medianCommercial Services median

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P/S (this company)10th to 90th percentile of its own historyIts medianCommercial Services median
How to read this

Shaded band: 10th to 90th percentile of the company's own P/E history; dashed line: its median; orange line: sector median (companies with a positive multiple, at least 5 in the sector).

Sector figures are built from today's listed companies, so they exclude companies that are no longer listed.

All terms explained in the glossary →

How Commercial Services is valued

What is the price implying?

~14%annual earnings growth implied by the price

At a P/E of 17.2x, the price would imply about 13.5%/yr earnings growth for 10 years under the same assumptions, but it is not ranked.

Fewer than six years of annual earnings are available, which is too little to measure delivered growth.

“Implied growth” is what the current price would require under our stated assumptions, not what we expect.

What prices imply across Commercial Services The market-wide Expectations lists

What changed?

  1. Sep '26Fell 91% from the Jan 2024 peak to the Sep 2026 low.
  2. Jun '26Revenue (TTM) reached a new high of ₹313 cr.
  3. Jun '26P/E crossed above the 90th percentile of its own history to date (18.6x).
  4. Jun '26Slipped to the bottom quartile of Commercial Services on EPS growth (from the 3rd quartile).
  5. Mar '26Moved into the 3rd quartile of Commercial Services on EPS growth (from the bottom quartile).
  6. Sep '25Slipped to the bottom quartile of Commercial Services on ROCE (from the 3rd quartile).

Events are generated from the data by fixed rules.
The month shown is when the change became visible in the reported figures, assuming a 60-day lag after each quarter end; it is not an announcement date.

Where price and fundamentals disagree, market-wide Rewind the whole market to any month

Are profits backed by cash?

2 of 5 checks are within range, 3 beyond a threshold.
Tap a check to see how it is measured.

Other income reliance117%Beyond threshold

Other income as a share of pre-tax profit (trailing twelve months): 116.7%. Bands: below 15%, 15% to 35%, above 35%.

Tax rate—Not enough data

Not enough reported data to compute this.

Cash conversion-0.67xBeyond threshold

Operating cash flow divided by net profit over the last three fiscal years: -0.67x (cash from operations ₹-22 cr, net profit ₹33 cr). Bands: 0.8x and above, 0.5x to 0.8x, below 0.5x.

Free cash flow0 of 3 yrsBeyond threshold

Fiscal years with positive free cash flow in the last 3: 0. Bands: at least 80% of years, 40% to 80%, below 40%.

Receivable days vs history-37 daysWithin range

Debtor days are below the median of the previous three fiscal years by 37 days (131 vs 168). Bands: under 15 days, 15 to 45, over 45.

Capital work in progress0% of fixed assetsWithin range

Capital work-in-progress is 0% of fixed assets. Bands: not rising or up to 30%; rising for three years and above 30%; rising and above 60%.

Payable days—Not enough data

Not enough reported data to compute this.

How to read this

Each check is a named rule with fixed thresholds, not a score. Annual statements are the latest restated figures, so a past year may differ from what was originally reported.

All terms explained in the glossary →

Who has been buying and selling?

  • Over 2 years, FIIs trimmed 5.3 pts.
  • The number of shareholders rose from 902 to 1,086 (+20%) between Sep 2023 and Mar 2026.

Holdings, Mar '26

How each group changed

GroupSep '23Mar '26Change
Promoters73.5%73.5%0.0 pts
FIIs5.3%0.0%-5.3 pts
DIIs———
Public and others21.2%26.5%+5.3 pts

Number of shareholders

1,086shareholders+20% since Sep '23
9021k1k1k Sep '23Jun '24Dec '24Sep '25Mar '26
Sep '23: 902
Mar '24: 1,022
Jun '24: 1,220
Sep '24: 1,211
Dec '24: 1,251
Mar '25: 1,183
Sep '25: 1,126
Mar '26: 1,086
9021k1k1k Sep '23Sep '24Sep '25Mar '26
Sep '23: 902
Mar '24: 1,022
Jun '24: 1,220
Sep '24: 1,211
Dec '24: 1,251
Mar '25: 1,183
Sep '25: 1,126
Mar '26: 1,086

Quarterly shareholding as reported, labelled by the quarter it covers (it becomes visible about two months later).
Shareholder counts are only available for recent quarters.

This quarter's smart-money board

How rough has the ride been?

Maximum drawdown-90.8%not yet recovered
1-year volatility73.9%annualised

Monthly share price

₹24₹60₹96₹132 Jun '24Dec '24Jun '25Dec '25Jun '26Oct '26
2024-06: ₹128.90
2024-07: ₹130.70
2024-08: ₹117.90
2024-09: ₹132.00
2024-10: ₹104.25
2024-11: ₹100.00
2024-12: ₹95.75
2025-01: ₹90.15
2025-02: ₹57.45
2025-03: ₹46.55
2025-04: ₹49.90
2025-05: ₹60.80
2025-06: ₹51.10
2025-07: ₹57.45
2025-08: ₹53.00
2025-09: ₹52.40
2025-10: ₹47.70
2025-11: ₹45.95
2025-12: ₹38.25
2026-01: ₹40.35
2026-02: ₹38.10
2026-03: ₹24.75
2026-04: ₹32.35
2026-05: ₹38.00
2026-06: ₹28.65
2026-07: ₹26.50
2026-08: ₹26.00
2026-09: ₹24.45
2026-10: ₹26.50
₹24₹60₹96₹132 Jun '24Apr '25Feb '26Oct '26
2024-06: ₹128.90
2024-07: ₹130.70
2024-08: ₹117.90
2024-09: ₹132.00
2024-10: ₹104.25
2024-11: ₹100.00
2024-12: ₹95.75
2025-01: ₹90.15
2025-02: ₹57.45
2025-03: ₹46.55
2025-04: ₹49.90
2025-05: ₹60.80
2025-06: ₹51.10
2025-07: ₹57.45
2025-08: ₹53.00
2025-09: ₹52.40
2025-10: ₹47.70
2025-11: ₹45.95
2025-12: ₹38.25
2026-01: ₹40.35
2026-02: ₹38.10
2026-03: ₹24.75
2026-04: ₹32.35
2026-05: ₹38.00
2026-06: ₹28.65
2026-07: ₹26.50
2026-08: ₹26.00
2026-09: ₹24.45
2026-10: ₹26.50

Last 90 trading days

₹23₹28₹33₹38 May 20Jun 19Jul 22Aug 21Sep 25Oct 30
2026-05-20: ₹33.50
2026-05-26: ₹35.20
2026-05-29: ₹38.00
2026-06-02: ₹32.55
2026-06-05: ₹31.05
2026-06-09: ₹29.50
2026-06-11: ₹30.95
2026-06-15: ₹30.50
2026-06-17: ₹29.75
2026-06-19: ₹28.70
2026-06-23: ₹28.45
2026-06-25: ₹27.50
2026-06-30: ₹28.65
2026-07-03: ₹27.55
2026-07-07: ₹28.80
2026-07-09: ₹28.80
2026-07-14: ₹28.70
2026-07-20: ₹26.60
2026-07-22: ₹24.95
2026-07-24: ₹24.05
2026-07-28: ₹25.25
2026-07-30: ₹27.30
2026-08-04: ₹27.80
2026-08-06: ₹27.20
2026-08-10: ₹25.95
2026-08-17: ₹25.65
2026-08-19: ₹28.20
2026-08-21: ₹26.80
2026-08-26: ₹26.25
2026-08-28: ₹26.55
2026-09-04: ₹25.10
2026-09-08: ₹24.00
2026-09-11: ₹23.95
2026-09-16: ₹22.80
2026-09-18: ₹23.50
2026-09-22: ₹24.50
2026-09-25: ₹24.50
2026-09-29: ₹24.45
2026-10-01: ₹25.00
2026-10-07: ₹23.50
2026-10-09: ₹24.65
2026-10-14: ₹25.95
2026-10-16: ₹25.80
2026-10-22: ₹25.70
2026-10-29: ₹25.65
2026-10-30: ₹26.50
₹23₹28₹33₹38 May 20Jul 9Sep 4Oct 30
2026-05-20: ₹33.50
2026-05-26: ₹35.20
2026-05-29: ₹38.00
2026-06-02: ₹32.55
2026-06-05: ₹31.05
2026-06-09: ₹29.50
2026-06-11: ₹30.95
2026-06-15: ₹30.50
2026-06-17: ₹29.75
2026-06-19: ₹28.70
2026-06-23: ₹28.45
2026-06-25: ₹27.50
2026-06-30: ₹28.65
2026-07-03: ₹27.55
2026-07-07: ₹28.80
2026-07-09: ₹28.80
2026-07-14: ₹28.70
2026-07-20: ₹26.60
2026-07-22: ₹24.95
2026-07-24: ₹24.05
2026-07-28: ₹25.25
2026-07-30: ₹27.30
2026-08-04: ₹27.80
2026-08-06: ₹27.20
2026-08-10: ₹25.95
2026-08-17: ₹25.65
2026-08-19: ₹28.20
2026-08-21: ₹26.80
2026-08-26: ₹26.25
2026-08-28: ₹26.55
2026-09-04: ₹25.10
2026-09-08: ₹24.00
2026-09-11: ₹23.95
2026-09-16: ₹22.80
2026-09-18: ₹23.50
2026-09-22: ₹24.50
2026-09-25: ₹24.50
2026-09-29: ₹24.45
2026-10-01: ₹25.00
2026-10-07: ₹23.50
2026-10-09: ₹24.65
2026-10-14: ₹25.95
2026-10-16: ₹25.80
2026-10-22: ₹25.70
2026-10-29: ₹25.65
2026-10-30: ₹26.50

Drawdown from peak

0% -45% -91% Jun '23Feb '25Oct '26 0% -45% -91% Jun '23Feb '25Oct '26
Largest drawdowns

-90.8% (2024-01 peak to 2026-09 low, not yet recovered)

-24.8% (2023-06 peak to 2023-11 low, recovered 2024-01)

Where does it rank among Commercial Services peers?

Each cell is the company's percentile rank among its Commercial Services peers (non-financial companies) that month.
Darker is better-ranked.
Rows marked ↓ are inverted (lower debt, shorter cash cycle and a lower P/E rank higher).

ROCE
Revenue growth
EPS growth
Debt/equity ↓
Cash cycle ↓
P/E ↓
12M momentum
Nov '21Jul '22Jan '23Jul '23Jan '24Jul '24Jan '25Jul '25Jan '26Oct '26
Lower rank Higher rank

Percentiles use today's listed companies in the sector and need at least 5 peers with a value; grey cells have too few.
ROE is computed from net profit and book value where the source does not report it.

The Commercial Services sector page Watch it move against Commercial Services in the Observatory

What happened next to similar setups

+9.4%typical 12-month return vs the marketNot meaningfully different from the base rate
  • We found 50 past situations where a non-financial company looked like CRAYONS ADVERTISING LIMITED today on valuation, return on capital, debt, growth, price momentum, size and volatility.
  • Over the following 12 months the middle half of them returned −17% to +35% vs the market, against −5% for all non-financial companies in the same months.
  • The gap against the base rate (+14.6%, 80% range −1.9% to +17.1%) is within what chance and overlapping periods produce.

Where the 50 outcomes landed

−100%−50%0%+50%+100%
UMAEXPORTS · Apr 2025: −66.6% vs market
AKG · Nov 2023: −50.2% vs market
YCCL · Oct 2024: −41.4% vs market
SPECTSTM · Sep 2025: −37.2% vs market
ASTRON · Nov 2021: −32.8% vs market
BMETRICS · Aug 2024: −31.4% vs market
SHEMAROO · May 2024: −26.3% vs market
VIKASECO · Dec 2023: −25.9% vs market
AARVI · Mar 2023: −22.3% vs market
GRAPHISAD · Dec 2024: −20.8% vs market
ONDOOR · Apr 2025: −19.1% vs market
WEWIN · Feb 2025: −18.1% vs market
WEIZMANIND · Jul 2021: −17.2% vs market
LAMBODHARA · Jul 2025: −16.4% vs market
ASHOKAMET · Jun 2024: −15.4% vs market
SMARTLINK · Mar 2025: −15.3% vs market
BANG · Apr 2023: −10.9% vs market
SHIGAN · Sep 2025: −9.6% vs market
INCREDIBLE · Oct 2021: −9.3% vs market
JFLLIFE · Sep 2023: −7.4% vs market
PATINTLOG · May 2021: −6.4% vs market
JOCIL · Jun 2022: −4.3% vs market
OBCL · Jul 2024: −3.3% vs market
PROV · Jun 2024: +4.2% vs market
CELEBRITY · Feb 2020: +9.1% vs market
MHHL · Mar 2024: +9.8% vs market
RILINFRA · Mar 2025: +10.6% vs market
AAREYDRUGS · Aug 2022: +11.3% vs market
RPPL · Apr 2023: +12.0% vs market
MWL · Jan 2024: +14.0% vs market
ANIKINDS · Apr 2023: +16.5% vs market
SRIVASAVI · Aug 2025: +19.1% vs market
TEXMOPIPES · Jan 2020: +20.5% vs market
TERASOFT · Aug 2023: +20.9% vs market
RPPINFRA · Jun 2022: +32.1% vs market
AGARIND · Jan 2020: +33.6% vs market
MHLXMIRU · Nov 2023: +34.2% vs market
ASPINWALL · Nov 2021: +35.0% vs market
TOTAL · May 2021: +37.1% vs market
NIRAJ · Mar 2024: +41.7% vs market
ISFT · Aug 2021: +42.7% vs market
ZENITHEXPO · Mar 2023: +45.1% vs market
GENCON · Mar 2025: +46.6% vs market
PRECAM · Jun 2020: +71.7% vs market
SAKUMA · May 2023: +76.2% vs market
OMFURN · Sep 2024: +99.6% vs market
SHREYANIND · Jun 2022: +101.8% vs market
HILTON · May 2021: +132.1% vs market
AISL · Oct 2023: +159.7% vs market
KANANIIND · Dec 2020: +262.9% vs market
Similar setups +9.4%All companies −5.2%← worse than the marketbetter than the market →

Each dot is one past situation (hover or tap for details) · Solid dots are the closest matches, listed below · Shaded is the middle half of all companies in the same months · 4 beyond the range shown, drawn at the edge

Similar setups' median
+9.4%
All companies' median
−5.2%
Beat the market
54% vs 44%

50 past situations · 50 companies · 34 months · 2020–2025

The closest matches

CompanyWhenP/EROCE12M mom.DrawdownNext 12 months
SPECTSTM
Commercial Services
Sep 2025 31x5% −36%−55% −37%
BMETRICS
Miscellaneous
Aug 2024 27x— −12%−34% −31%
KANANIIND
Consumer Durables
Dec 2020 15x4% −21%−27% +263%
SHREYANIND
Process Industries
Jun 2022 12x6% −18%−39% +102%
OBCL
Miscellaneous
Jul 2024 35x— +23%−19% −3%
Show the other 3 matches
CompanyWhenP/EROCE12M mom.DrawdownNext 12 months
ONDOOR
Retail Trade
Apr 2025 17x7% −40%−66% −19%
LAMBODHARA
Process Industries
Jul 2025 20x9% −34%−44% −16%
INCREDIBLE
Non-Energy Minerals
Oct 2021 31x7% +31%−40% −9%
How reliable is this?

Matched on P/E, P/S, ROCE, debt/equity, interest cover, revenue growth, 12-month momentum, drawdown from 12-month high, size and volatility. Closest on: size, drawdown from 12-month high and 12-month momentum. Not used (unavailable for this company): operating margin. One match per company and at most 7 from any one month.

Independent periods: the matches fall in 6 distinct 12-month windows. Matches from nearby months share the same market conditions, so fewer windows means less evidence.

How this is built

This is history, not a forecast. These are past situations where other companies had broadly similar reported numbers and price trends. What happened to them does not tell you what will happen to CRAYONS ADVERTISING LIMITED. The comparison covers only 2020–2025, a single market period, and only companies still listed today. Companies that were delisted or went bankrupt are missing, which makes past outcomes look better than they were. Returns exclude dividends and are measured against an ApnaFunda-built index, not an official benchmark. Fundamentals are matched on a 60-day assumed reporting lag, not actual announcement dates. Its historical skill has not yet been measured. Past patterns may not repeat.

Methodology

How historical analogs are built

Data as of 2026-10-30. Outcome pool: Jan 2020 to Oct 2025.

For every company we look at the situation it is in today (valuation, return on capital, margins, debt, growth, 12-month price momentum, drawdown, size and volatility) and find past company-months that looked most like it. We then show what happened to those past situations over the following 12 months, measured against the ApnaFunda All index and against the base rate. It describes history. It does not predict anything.

What is compared

FeatureWeightNon-financialFinancial
P/E1yesyes
P/S1yes—
P/B1—yes
ROCE1yes—
operating margin1yes—
ROE1—yes
debt/equity0.75yes—
interest cover0.5yes—
revenue growth0.75yesyes
12-month momentum1yesyes
drawdown from 12-month high0.75yesyes
size0.75yesyes
volatility0.5yesyes

Weights were set by judgement before any outcome was looked at and are never tuned on results. Loss-making companies (negative P/E or net profit) are only matched with other loss-making companies. Banks, NBFCs and insurers are compared only with each other and use a different feature set. Every feature is converted, month by month, to its rank among companies in the same pool in that month, so a P/E of 30 in a hot market and a P/E of 22 in a cold one can match if both were equally expensive for their time. Only that month's data is used.

How closeness and the sample are defined

Distance is the weighted root-mean-square gap between the standardised features both companies have. A match needs at least 70% of the query's feature weight, a distance of at most 0.9, and 30 matches at minimum to be shown. We keep up to 50 matches with these exclusions: never the company itself, one match per company (its closest month), and at most 7 from any one calendar month so a single market episode cannot dominate.

Base rate

The base rate is the distribution of 12-month returns, relative to the market, of every eligible company-month in the same pool, with each month weighted to match the months the analogs came from. It answers: how did a random company do in these same months? Because matches from nearby months share the same market conditions, we also report the number of distinct 12-month windows behind a result, and a bootstrap that resamples months decides whether the analog median differs from the base rate at all. "Not meaningfully different" is the usual outcome and the page copy is written for it.

Limits you should know

  • One market period. The outcome pool covers 2020–2025 only (70 months), including the 2020 crash and the 2020–21 rally.
  • Survivorship. Only companies listed today are included. Delisted and bankrupt companies are missing, which flatters past outcomes, particularly for distressed-looking setups.
  • Price return only. Dividends are excluded, and the benchmark is an ApnaFunda market-cap-weighted index of the same listed companies, not an official index.
  • Reporting lag. Fundamentals are matched on an assumed 60-day lag after the quarter end, not on real announcement dates.
  • Pools: non-financial: 97,430 company-months from 2000 companies; financial: 5,632 company-months from 106 companies. 2240 companies currently have a result; the rest are suppressed because too few comparable situations exist.

Does it work? A walk-forward check

The walk-forward check has not been run for this build, so skill is shown as not yet measured.

Disclaimer

This is history, not a forecast. These are past situations where other companies had broadly similar reported numbers and price trends. What happened to them does not tell you what will happen to any company shown. The comparison covers only 2020–2025, a single market period, and only companies still listed today. Companies that were delisted or went bankrupt are missing, which makes past outcomes look better than they were. Returns exclude dividends and are measured against an ApnaFunda-built index, not an official benchmark. Fundamentals are matched on a 60-day assumed reporting lag, not actual announcement dates. Its historical skill has not yet been measured. Past patterns may not repeat.
Monthly history (29 months)
MonthP/ERevenue (TTM)ROEROCEDebt / Equity
2026-1017.2x₹313 cr3.1%6.0%0.1x
2026-0915.9x₹313 cr3.1%6.0%0.1x
2026-0816.9x₹313 cr3.1%6.0%0.1x
2026-0717.2x₹313 cr3.1%6.0%0.1x
2026-0618.6x₹313 cr3.1%6.0%0.1x
2026-058.5x₹234 cr9.5%9.0%0.0x
2026-047.2x₹234 cr9.5%9.0%0.0x
2026-035.5x₹234 cr9.5%9.0%0.0x
2026-028.5x₹234 cr9.5%9.0%0.0x
2026-019.0x₹234 cr9.5%9.0%0.0x
2025-128.5x₹234 cr9.5%9.0%0.0x
2025-1110.3x₹234 cr9.5%9.0%0.0x
2025-1010.6x₹234 cr9.5%9.0%0.0x
2025-0911.7x₹234 cr9.5%9.0%0.0x
2025-0811.8x₹234 cr9.5%9.0%0.0x
2025-0712.8x₹234 cr9.5%9.0%0.0x
2025-0611.4x₹234 cr9.5%9.0%0.0x
2025-058.5x₹234 cr17.0%—0.0x
2025-046.9x₹234 cr17.0%—0.0x
2025-036.5x₹234 cr17.0%—0.0x
2025-028.0x₹234 cr17.0%—0.0x
2025-0112.6x₹234 cr17.0%—0.0x
2024-1213.3x₹234 cr17.0%—0.0x
2024-1113.9x₹234 cr17.0%—0.0x
2024-1014.5x₹234 cr17.0%—0.0x
2024-0918.4x₹234 cr17.0%—0.0x
2024-0816.4x₹234 cr17.0%—0.0x
2024-0718.2x₹234 cr17.0%—0.0x
2024-0618.0x₹234 cr17.0%—0.0x

Methodology and data notes

Methodology

Methodology and data notes

All figures come from public exchange prices and screener.in financial statements. Quarterly and annual results are shown from 60 days after the period end, so a month never uses a result before it would plausibly have been published. Statements are the latest versions, which may include later restatements.

Sector medians, percentiles and indices use today's listed companies in the sector (survivorship bias). Prices are adjusted for splits and bonus issues; around a corporate action the fundamentals may lag the price by up to a month, and affected sections are hidden.

The return decomposition uses price = P/E × net profit ÷ share count. The reverse DCF uses a fixed 12% cost of equity, a 10-year horizon and a 15x terminal P/E, and is an illustration only. Events, flags and twins follow fixed rules and thresholds described next to each section.

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