अApnaFunda

PE ANALYTICS LIMITED (PROPEQUITY)

Technology Services · Data Processing Services · figures to Nov '26

Quality scoreHow the business itself ranks against its sector peers on profitability, 3-year growth and leverage. 50 is the middle of the sector.75 / 100
Profitability 65Growth 60Balance sheet 100

Passes these screensValue PickDebt-light & profitableConsistent compounders

Share price

Closing priceAdjusted for splits and bonus issues.

₹175.6 latest close · +0.6% over the last 90 sessions

₹200₹250Apr 8May 19Jun 18Jul 22Sep 8Nov 8 ₹200₹250Apr 8Jul 3Nov 8

₹175.6 month-end · −8.5% over 12 months

₹175₹200₹225Nov '25Jan '26Apr '26Jun '26Sep '26Nov '26 ₹175₹200₹225Nov '25May '26Nov '26

₹175.6 month-end · −29.5% over 3 years

₹150₹200₹250₹300Nov '23Jun '24Jan '25Sep '25Apr '26Nov '26 ₹150₹200₹250₹300Nov '23May '25Nov '26

₹175.6 month-end · +19.2% since Jun '22

₹200₹300Jun '22May '23Mar '24Feb '25Dec '25Nov '26 ₹200₹300Jun '22Sep '24Nov '26

52-week range ₹145.00 to ₹268.00 · 1-year volatility 66.8%

Was the rally earned?

-9%share price, 1 yearLower P/E held it back

Earnings helped, the multiple did not.

  • Per-share earnings added 19 points, but investors now pay less per rupee of profit (P/E 15.6x to 11.7x), which took 27 points back.
  • The share count rose 3%.
Net profit growth: +22 pts. Points of the price return explained by net profit growing (or shrinking).+22 ptsNet profit growthP/E change: −27 pts. Points of the price return explained by the market paying a higher or lower P/E multiple.−27 ptsP/E changeShare count change: −3 pts. Points of the price return explained by the share count changing. More shares count against the price.−3 ptsShare count changeShare price: −8%−8%Share priceNet profit growth: +22 pts. Points of the price return explained by net profit growing (or shrinking).+22ProfitP/E change: −27 pts. Points of the price return explained by the market paying a higher or lower P/E multiple.−27P/EShare count change: −3 pts. Points of the price return explained by the share count changing. More shares count against the price.−3SharesShare price: −8%−8%Share price
Net profit growth+22 ptsNet profit rose about 25%, which lifts the price.
P/E change-27 ptsThe P/E fell from 15.6x to 11.7x, which lowers the price.
Share count change-3 ptsShare count rose 3%, which lowers the price.
-30%share price, 3 yearsLower P/E held it back

Earnings helped, the multiple did not.

  • Per-share earnings added 36 points, but investors now pay less per rupee of profit (P/E 25.4x to 11.7x), which took 65 points back.
  • The share count fell 3%.
Net profit growth: +33 pts. Points of the price return explained by net profit growing (or shrinking).+33 ptsNet profit growthP/E change: −65 pts. Points of the price return explained by the market paying a higher or lower P/E multiple.−65 ptsP/E changeShare count change: +3 pts. Points of the price return explained by the share count changing. More shares count against the price.+3 ptsShare count changeShare price: −29%−29%Share priceNet profit growth: +33 pts. Points of the price return explained by net profit growing (or shrinking).+33ProfitP/E change: −65 pts. Points of the price return explained by the market paying a higher or lower P/E multiple.−65P/EShare count change: +3 pts. Points of the price return explained by the share count changing. More shares count against the price.+3SharesShare price: −29%−29%Share price
Net profit growth+33 ptsNet profit rose about 48%, which lifts the price.
P/E change-65 ptsThe P/E fell from 25.4x to 11.7x, which lowers the price.
Share count change+3 ptsShare count fell 3%, which lifts the price.
What do "pts" mean?

"pts" are percentage points of the share price return. The parts add up to the total shown for each period. Because price = P/E × net profit ÷ share count, higher profit pushes the price up, a higher P/E pushes it up, and more shares push it down.

Example: if the price rose 34% and profit growth accounts for +58 pts while a lower P/E accounts for -24 pts, then 58 - 24 = 34. The +58 is not the profit growth rate itself: it is the part of the price move that profit growth explains.

Not shown for 5 years: earnings were negative at one end, or there is not enough history.

Net profit is trailing twelve months as reported with a 60-day lag.

Compare this with SAGILITY

How rough has the ride been?

Maximum drawdown-87.4%not yet recovered
1-year volatility66.8%annualised

Drawdown from peak

0%−25%−50%−75%2020202120222023202420252026−87.4% 0%−25%−50%−75%2020202220242026−87.4%
Largest drawdowns

-87.4% (2019-08 peak to 2023-01 low, not yet recovered)

-20.0% (2019-04 peak to 2019-07 low, recovered 2019-08)

Is it expensive against its own past and its peers?

11.7xP/E todayNear its historic low
Against its own history5th percentile
CheapestMedian 19.7xDearest

Usual range 14.0x to 28.0x since 2022-06.

Against Technology Services11.7x vs 21.1x
This company
11.7x
Sector median
21.1x

44% below the Technology Services median.

11.6x22.0x32.5x42.9xJun '22May '23Apr '24Mar '25Feb '26Nov '2611.6x22.0x32.5x42.9xJun '22Dec '23Jun '25Nov '26
P/E (this company)10th to 90th percentile of its own historyIts medianTechnology Services median

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P/B (this company)10th to 90th percentile of its own historyIts medianTechnology Services median

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P/S (this company)10th to 90th percentile of its own historyIts medianTechnology Services median
How to read this

Shaded band: 10th to 90th percentile of the company's own P/E history; dotted line: its median; orange line: sector median (companies with a positive multiple, at least 5 in the sector).

Sector figures are built from today's listed companies, so they exclude companies that are no longer listed.

All terms explained in the glossary →

How Technology Services is valued

Where does it rank among Technology Services peers?

Each cell is the company's percentile rank among its Technology Services peers (non-financial companies) that month.
Darker is better-ranked.
Rows marked ↓ are inverted (lower debt, shorter cash cycle and a lower P/E rank higher).

Where it ranks today

  • ROCE65thflat vs a year ago
  • Revenue growth34th▼ 17 pts vs a year ago
  • EPS growth66th▲ 9 pts vs a year ago
  • Debt/equity ↓96thflat vs a year ago
  • Cash cycle ↓68thflat vs a year ago
  • P/E ↓84thflat vs a year ago
  • 12M momentum68th▲ 40 pts vs a year ago

Rank history

ROCE
Revenue growth
EPS growth
Debt/equity ↓
Cash cycle ↓
P/E ↓
12M momentum
Dec '21Jul '22Jan '23Jul '23Jan '24Jul '24Jan '25Jul '25Jan '26Jul '26Nov '26
Lower rank Higher rank Not enough data

Percentiles use today's listed companies in the sector and need at least 5 peers with a value; grey cells have too few.
ROE is computed from net profit and book value where the source does not report it.

The Technology Services sector page Watch it move against Technology Services in the Observatory

What is the price implying?

~9%annual earnings growth implied by the price

At a P/E of 11.7x, the price would imply about 9.3%/yr earnings growth for 10 years under the same assumptions, but it is not ranked.

Fewer than six years of annual earnings are available, which is too little to measure delivered growth.

“Implied growth” is what the current price would require under our stated assumptions, not what we expect.

What prices imply across Technology Services The market-wide Expectations lists

Key figures

Share Priceclose 8 Nov
₹175.60
P/E
11.7x
ROCE
21.0%
Market Cap
₹191 cr
Revenue (TTM)
₹47 cr
P/S
4.1x
P/B
1.8x
ROE
15.5%
Debt / Equity
0.0x
Promoter Holding
75.0%
12M Momentum
-8.5%

52-week range

₹145.00₹268.00
25% of the way from its 52-week low to its high

Price risk

1Y volatility
66.8%
Beta vs sector
1-year daily
0.14

Balance sheet & cash

Debt service
no meaningful debt
Cash from profit, 3Y
operating cash flow ÷ net profit
0.61x
Share count, 1Y
unchanged

Are profits backed by cash?

3 of 5checks within range2 near a threshold
Other income reliance33%Near threshold

Other income as a share of pre-tax profit (trailing twelve months): 33.3%. Bands: below 15%, 15% to 35%, above 35%.

Tax rate—Not enough data

Not enough reported data to compute this.

Cash conversion0.61xNear threshold

Operating cash flow divided by net profit over the last three fiscal years: 0.61x (cash from operations ₹25 cr, net profit ₹41 cr). Bands: 0.8x and above, 0.5x to 0.8x, below 0.5x.

Free cash flow5 of 5 yrsWithin range

Fiscal years with positive free cash flow in the last 5: 5. Bands: at least 80% of years, 40% to 80%, below 40%.

Receivable days vs history-1 daysWithin range

Debtor days are below the median of the previous three fiscal years by 1 days (54 vs 55). Bands: under 15 days, 15 to 45, over 45.

Capital work in progress0% of fixed assetsWithin range

Capital work-in-progress is 0% of fixed assets. Bands: not rising or up to 30%; rising for three years and above 30%; rising and above 60%.

Payable days—Not enough data

Not enough reported data to compute this.

Tap a check to see how it is measured

How to read this

Each check is a named rule with fixed thresholds, not a score. Annual statements are the latest restated figures, so a past year may differ from what was originally reported.

All terms explained in the glossary →

Who has been buying and selling?

  • Over 3 years, promoters added 4.8 pts; FIIs trimmed 2.2 pts; DIIs trimmed 1.4 pts.
  • The number of shareholders fell from 954 to 629 (-34%) between Mar 2022 and Mar 2026.

Holdings, Mar '26

How each group changed

GroupMar '22Mar '26Change
Promoters70.2%75.0%+4.8 pts
FIIs0.0%2.1%+2.1 pts
DIIs11.4%0.3%-11.1 pts
Public and others18.3%22.6%+4.2 pts

Number of shareholders

629shareholders-34% since Mar '22
629737846954 Mar '22Sep '22Mar '23Mar '24Mar '25Mar '26
Mar '22: 954
Jun '22: 652
Sep '22: 689
Dec '22: 718
Mar '23: 671
Sep '23: 766
Mar '24: 841
Sep '24: 799
Mar '25: 661
Sep '25: 630
Mar '26: 629
629737846954 Mar '22Mar '23Mar '25Mar '26
Mar '22: 954
Jun '22: 652
Sep '22: 689
Dec '22: 718
Mar '23: 671
Sep '23: 766
Mar '24: 841
Sep '24: 799
Mar '25: 661
Sep '25: 630
Mar '26: 629

Quarterly shareholding as reported, labelled by the quarter it covers (it becomes visible about two months later).
Shareholder counts are only available for recent quarters.

This quarter's smart-money board

What happened next to similar setups

−9.3%typical 12-month return vs the marketNot meaningfully different from the base rate
  • We found 50 past situations where a non-financial company looked like PE ANALYTICS LIMITED today on valuation, return on capital, debt, growth, price momentum and size.
  • Over the following 12 months the middle half of them returned −26% to +23% vs the market, against −4% for all non-financial companies in the same months.
  • The gap against the base rate (−4.9%, 80% range −14.0% to +0.5%) is within what chance and overlapping periods produce.

Where the 50 outcomes landed

−50%0%+50%+100%
AIRAN · Dec 2024: −48.2% vs market
ALPA · Aug 2025: −38.3% vs market
TVTODAY · Jul 2022: −35.6% vs market
ORBTEXP · Feb 2020: −35.1% vs market
DRCSYSTEMS · Sep 2025: −34.9% vs market
AMJLAND · Oct 2025: −33.7% vs market
MAZDA · Mar 2025: −32.0% vs market
NUCLEUS · Oct 2025: −31.7% vs market
CYBERTECH · Aug 2022: −30.8% vs market
BEPL · Nov 2024: −30.2% vs market
ANTELOPUS · Nov 2020: −28.9% vs market
BAJAJCON · Nov 2023: −26.4% vs market
AMBIKCO · May 2022: −26.4% vs market
ALBERTDAVD · Feb 2020: −26.4% vs market
PODDARMENT · Sep 2021: −23.5% vs market
SHREDIGCEM · Oct 2023: −22.3% vs market
VARDHACRLC · Aug 2021: −18.9% vs market
SREEL · Jul 2020: −17.0% vs market
SASKEN · Nov 2021: −16.2% vs market
INDBANK · Aug 2025: −15.9% vs market
INDOBORAX · May 2023: −15.3% vs market
XCHANGING · May 2021: −14.6% vs market
UNITEDTEA · Jan 2021: −14.5% vs market
ELDEHSG · Sep 2023: −12.5% vs market
SANDESH · Jan 2020: −10.1% vs market
STEELCITY · Jun 2022: −8.5% vs market
LINCOLN · Apr 2024: −7.6% vs market
HOLMARC · Sep 2024: −4.7% vs market
CUPID · Jun 2022: −3.2% vs market
QUICKHEAL · Feb 2021: −1.5% vs market
AAATECH · Jul 2025: −1.1% vs market
IMPAL · May 2025: +0.2% vs market
GANDHITUBE · Apr 2020: +5.2% vs market
KSCL · Dec 2024: +6.9% vs market
INDNIPPON · Mar 2020: +8.2% vs market
INTENTECH · Dec 2023: +8.6% vs market
PRIMESECU · Aug 2021: +19.3% vs market
GMBREW · Jul 2025: +23.6% vs market
LIKHITHA · Jan 2022: +31.5% vs market
CARERATING · Mar 2022: +32.6% vs market
SYSTANGO · Nov 2024: +33.0% vs market
NOCIL · Feb 2020: +35.5% vs market
ANUP · Jun 2020: +38.1% vs market
CHEMFAB · May 2024: +39.3% vs market
MPSLTD · Jan 2021: +42.6% vs market
STYLAMIND · May 2025: +69.0% vs market
GOLDIAM · Jul 2024: +93.0% vs market
CONTROLPR · Dec 2022: +95.5% vs market
GLOBAL · Sep 2025: +102.8% vs market
ACCENTMIC · Sep 2025: +173.9% vs market
Similar setups −9.3%All companies −4.4%← worse than the marketbetter than the market →

Each dot is one past situation (hover or tap for details) · Solid dots are the closest matches, listed below · Shaded is the middle half of all companies in the same months · 2 beyond the range shown, drawn at the edge

Similar setups' median
−9.3%
All companies' median
−4.4%
Beat the market
38% vs 45%

50 past situations · 50 companies · 37 months · 2020–2025

The closest matches

CompanyWhenP/EROCE12M mom.DrawdownNext 12 months
SYSTANGO
Technology Services
Nov 2024 23x28% +18%−30% +33%
MAZDA
Producer Manufacturing
Mar 2025 17x21% −6%−41% −32%
INDOBORAX
Process Industries
May 2023 10x26% +16%−17% −15%
UNITEDTEA
Consumer Non-Durables
Jan 2021 13x14% +12%−20% −15%
GANDHITUBE
Non-Energy Minerals
Apr 2020 7x26% −46%−56% +5%
Show the other 3 matches
CompanyWhenP/EROCE12M mom.DrawdownNext 12 months
ANUP
Producer Manufacturing
Jun 2020 9x— −20%−42% +38%
ELDEHSG
Finance
Sep 2023 16x18% +21%−13% −13%
INTENTECH
Technology Services
Dec 2023 17x16% +48%−17% +9%
How reliable is this?

Matched on P/E, P/S, ROCE, debt/equity, revenue growth, 12-month momentum, drawdown from 12-month high and size. Closest on: 12-month momentum, drawdown from 12-month high and P/E. Not used (unavailable for this company): operating margin, interest cover and volatility. One match per company and at most 7 from any one month.

Independent periods: the matches fall in 6 distinct 12-month windows. Matches from nearby months share the same market conditions, so fewer windows means less evidence.

How this is built

This is history, not a forecast. These are past situations where other companies had broadly similar reported numbers and price trends. What happened to them does not tell you what will happen to PE ANALYTICS LIMITED. The comparison covers only 2020–2025, a single market period, and only companies still listed today. Companies that were delisted or went bankrupt are missing, which makes past outcomes look better than they were. Returns exclude dividends and are measured against an ApnaFunda-built index, not an official benchmark. Fundamentals are matched on a 60-day assumed reporting lag, not actual announcement dates. Its historical skill has not yet been measured. Past patterns may not repeat.

Methodology

How historical analogs are built

Data as of 2026-11-09. Outcome pool: Jan 2020 to Oct 2025.

For every company we look at the situation it is in today (valuation, return on capital, margins, debt, growth, 12-month price momentum, drawdown, size and volatility) and find past company-months that looked most like it. We then show what happened to those past situations over the following 12 months, measured against the ApnaFunda All index and against the base rate. It describes history. It does not predict anything.

What is compared

FeatureWeightNon-financialFinancial
P/E1yesyes
P/S1yes—
P/B1—yes
ROCE1yes—
operating margin1yes—
ROE1—yes
debt/equity0.75yes—
interest cover0.5yes—
revenue growth0.75yesyes
12-month momentum1yesyes
drawdown from 12-month high0.75yesyes
size0.75yesyes
volatility0.5yesyes

Weights were set by judgement before any outcome was looked at and are never tuned on results. Loss-making companies (negative P/E or net profit) are only matched with other loss-making companies. Banks, NBFCs and insurers are compared only with each other and use a different feature set. Every feature is converted, month by month, to its rank among companies in the same pool in that month, so a P/E of 30 in a hot market and a P/E of 22 in a cold one can match if both were equally expensive for their time. Only that month's data is used.

How closeness and the sample are defined

Distance is the weighted root-mean-square gap between the standardised features both companies have. A match needs at least 70% of the query's feature weight, a distance of at most 0.9, and 30 matches at minimum to be shown. We keep up to 50 matches with these exclusions: never the company itself, one match per company (its closest month), and at most 7 from any one calendar month so a single market episode cannot dominate.

Base rate

The base rate is the distribution of 12-month returns, relative to the market, of every eligible company-month in the same pool, with each month weighted to match the months the analogs came from. It answers: how did a random company do in these same months? Because matches from nearby months share the same market conditions, we also report the number of distinct 12-month windows behind a result, and a bootstrap that resamples months decides whether the analog median differs from the base rate at all. "Not meaningfully different" is the usual outcome and the page copy is written for it.

Limits you should know

  • One market period. The outcome pool covers 2020–2025 only (70 months), including the 2020 crash and the 2020–21 rally.
  • Survivorship. Only companies listed today are included. Delisted and bankrupt companies are missing, which flatters past outcomes, particularly for distressed-looking setups.
  • Price return only. Dividends are excluded, and the benchmark is an ApnaFunda market-cap-weighted index of the same listed companies, not an official index.
  • Reporting lag. Fundamentals are matched on an assumed 60-day lag after the quarter end, not on real announcement dates.
  • Pools: non-financial: 98,395 company-months from 2019 companies; financial: 5,659 company-months from 108 companies. 2349 companies currently have a result; the rest are suppressed because too few comparable situations exist.

Does it work? A walk-forward check

The walk-forward check has not been run for this build, so skill is shown as not yet measured.

Disclaimer

This is history, not a forecast. These are past situations where other companies had broadly similar reported numbers and price trends. What happened to them does not tell you what will happen to any company shown. The comparison covers only 2020–2025, a single market period, and only companies still listed today. Companies that were delisted or went bankrupt are missing, which makes past outcomes look better than they were. Returns exclude dividends and are measured against an ApnaFunda-built index, not an official benchmark. Fundamentals are matched on a 60-day assumed reporting lag, not actual announcement dates. Its historical skill has not yet been measured. Past patterns may not repeat.

What changed?

15 events since Jan '23

  1. JulValuationP/E fell below the 10th percentile of its own history to date (14.2x).
  2. JunPromoterPromoter holding rose 3.2 pts to 75.0% (largest rise since 2025-12).
  3. JunResultsRevenue (TTM) reached a new high of ₹47 cr.
  4. JunInstitutionsFII + DII holding fell 8.2 pts over 2 quarters to 2.4%.
  5. FebValuationP/E fell below the 10th percentile of its own history to date (14.5x).
  6. DecPromoterPromoter holding rose 4.7 pts to 71.8%.
  7. OctValuationP/E fell below the 10th percentile of its own history to date (14.1x).
  8. JunResultsRevenue (TTM) reached a new high of ₹44 cr.
Show 7 earlier events
  1. JunValuationP/E fell below the 10th percentile of its own history to date (17.5x).
  2. JunPeer rankMoved into the 2nd quartile of Technology Services on EPS growth (from the 3rd quartile).
  3. DecInstitutionsFII + DII holding rose 5.7 pts over 2 quarters to 10.6%.
  4. JunResultsRevenue (TTM) reached a new high of ₹40 cr.
  5. MarPeer rankSlipped to the 3rd quartile of Technology Services on EPS growth (from the 2nd quartile).
  6. JunResultsRevenue (TTM) reached a new high of ₹29 cr.
  7. JanPriceFell 87% from the Aug 2019 peak to the Jan 2023 low.

Events are generated from the data by fixed rules.
The month shown is when the change became visible in the reported figures, assuming a 60-day lag after each quarter end; it is not an announcement date.

Where price and fundamentals disagree, market-wide Rewind the whole market to any month

Monthly history54 months · 2022-06 to 2026-11
MonthP/ERevenue (TTM)ROEROCEDebt / Equity
2026-1111.7x₹47 cr15.5%21.0%0.0x
2026-1011.6x₹47 cr15.2%21.0%0.0x
2026-0912.9x₹47 cr15.2%21.0%0.0x
2026-0814.0x₹47 cr15.2%21.0%0.0x
2026-0714.2x₹47 cr15.2%21.0%0.0x
2026-0615.2x₹47 cr15.2%21.0%0.0x
2026-0519.5x₹44 cr14.6%21.0%0.0x
2026-0417.0x₹44 cr14.6%21.0%0.0x
2026-0313.3x₹44 cr14.6%21.0%0.0x
2026-0214.5x₹44 cr14.6%21.0%0.0x
2026-0116.2x₹44 cr14.6%21.0%0.0x
2025-1215.1x₹44 cr14.6%21.0%0.0x
2025-1115.6x₹44 cr14.6%21.0%0.0x
2025-1014.1x₹44 cr14.6%21.0%0.0x
2025-0916.6x₹44 cr14.6%21.0%0.0x
2025-0816.5x₹44 cr14.6%21.0%0.0x
2025-0716.3x₹44 cr14.6%21.0%0.0x
2025-0617.5x₹44 cr14.6%21.0%0.0x
2025-0519.8x₹40 cr15.8%22.0%0.0x
2025-0419.4x₹40 cr15.8%22.0%0.0x
2025-0321.4x₹40 cr15.8%22.0%0.0x
2025-0220.2x₹40 cr15.8%22.0%0.0x
2025-0122.3x₹40 cr15.8%22.0%0.0x
2024-1224.8x₹40 cr15.8%22.0%0.0x
2024-1127.6x₹40 cr15.8%22.0%0.0x
2024-1025.4x₹40 cr15.8%22.0%0.0x
2024-0926.0x₹40 cr15.8%22.0%0.0x
2024-0829.5x₹40 cr15.8%22.0%0.0x
2024-0726.6x₹40 cr15.8%22.0%0.0x
2024-0627.3x₹40 cr15.8%22.0%0.0x
2024-0528.0x₹29 cr16.9%24.0%0.0x
2024-0430.2x₹29 cr16.9%24.0%0.0x
2024-0329.3x₹29 cr16.9%24.0%0.0x
2024-0227.8x₹29 cr16.9%24.0%0.0x
2024-0128.2x₹29 cr16.9%24.0%0.0x
2023-1226.1x₹29 cr16.9%24.0%0.0x
2023-1125.4x₹29 cr16.9%24.0%0.0x
2023-1024.3x₹29 cr16.9%24.0%0.0x
2023-0920.9x₹29 cr16.9%24.0%0.0x
2023-0824.0x₹29 cr16.9%24.0%0.0x
2023-0716.5x₹29 cr16.9%24.0%0.0x
2023-0614.7x₹29 cr16.9%24.0%0.0x
2023-05—₹24 cr16.4%—0.0x
2023-04—₹24 cr16.4%—0.0x
2023-03—₹24 cr16.4%—0.0x
2023-02—₹24 cr16.4%—0.0x
2023-01—₹24 cr16.4%—0.0x
2022-12—₹24 cr16.4%—0.0x
2022-11—₹24 cr16.4%—0.0x
2022-10—₹24 cr16.4%—0.0x
2022-09—₹24 cr16.4%—0.0x
2022-08—₹24 cr16.4%—0.0x
2022-07—₹24 cr16.4%—0.0x
2022-06—₹24 cr16.4%—0.0x

Methodology and data notes

Methodology

Methodology and data notes

All figures come from public exchange prices and screener.in financial statements. Quarterly and annual results are shown from 60 days after the period end, so a month never uses a result before it would plausibly have been published. Statements are the latest versions, which may include later restatements.

Sector medians, percentiles and indices use today's listed companies in the sector (survivorship bias). Prices are adjusted for splits and bonus issues; around a corporate action the fundamentals may lag the price by up to a month, and affected sections are hidden.

The return decomposition uses price = P/E × net profit ÷ share count. The reverse DCF uses a fixed 12% cost of equity, a 10-year horizon and a 15x terminal P/E, and is an illustration only. Events, flags and twins follow fixed rules and thresholds described next to each section.

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