अApnaFunda

AION-TECH SOLUTIONS LIMITED (GOLDTECH)

Technology Services · Information Technology Services · figures to Nov '26

Quality scoreHow the business itself ranks against its sector peers on profitability, 3-year growth and leverage. 50 is the middle of the sector.42 / 100
Profitability 15Growth 60Balance sheet 52

Share price

Closing priceAdjusted for splits and bonus issues.

₹35.64 latest close · −44.7% over the last 90 sessions

₹40₹50₹60Jul 3Jul 29Aug 24Sep 17Oct 14Nov 9 ₹40₹50₹60Jul 3Sep 4Nov 9

₹35.64 month-end · −36.0% over 12 months

₹30₹40₹50Nov '25Jan '26Apr '26Jun '26Sep '26Nov '26 ₹30₹40₹50Nov '25May '26Nov '26

₹35.64 month-end · −71.0% over 3 years

₹50₹100₹150Nov '23Jun '24Jan '25Sep '25Apr '26Nov '26 ₹50₹100₹150Nov '23May '25Nov '26

₹35.64 month-end · +170.0% since Jan '19

₹0₹50₹100₹150Jan '19Aug '20Mar '22Sep '23Apr '25Nov '26 ₹0₹50₹100₹150Jan '19Dec '22Nov '26

52-week range ₹29.68 to ₹70.00 · 1-year volatility 56.2%

How rough has the ride been?

Maximum drawdown-81.8%not yet recovered
1-year volatility56.2%annualised

Drawdown from peak

0%−25%−50%−75%2020202120222023202420252026−79.6% 0%−25%−50%−75%2020202220242026−79.6%
Largest drawdowns

-81.8% (2024-01 peak to 2026-03 low, not yet recovered)

-67.7% (2019-01 peak to 2020-03 low, recovered 2021-02)

-64.8% (2021-12 peak to 2022-12 low, recovered 2023-11)

Where does it rank among Technology Services peers?

Each cell is the company's percentile rank among its Technology Services peers (non-financial companies) that month.
Darker is better-ranked.
Rows marked ↓ are inverted (lower debt, shorter cash cycle and a lower P/E rank higher).

Where it ranks today

  • ROCE9thflat vs a year ago
  • Op. margin21st▲ 15 pts vs a year ago
  • Revenue growth90th▲ 68 pts vs a year ago
  • EPS growth7th
  • Debt/equity ↓27th▼ 27 pts vs a year ago
  • Cash cycle ↓42ndflat vs a year ago
  • P/E ↓38th▼ 23 pts vs a year ago
  • 12M momentum28th▼ 23 pts vs a year ago

Rank history

ROCE
Op. margin
Revenue growth
EPS growth
Debt/equity ↓
Cash cycle ↓
P/E ↓
12M momentum
Dec '21Jul '22Jan '23Jul '23Jan '24Jul '24Jan '25Jul '25Jan '26Jul '26Nov '26
Lower rank Higher rank Not enough data

Percentiles use today's listed companies in the sector and need at least 5 peers with a value; grey cells have too few.
ROE is computed from net profit and book value where the source does not report it.

The Technology Services sector page Watch it move against Technology Services in the Observatory

What is the price implying?

Trailing earnings per share are negative, so a P/E-based figure does not exist. See the loss-makers list on the Expectations Gap page for a revenue-based version.

“Implied growth” is what the current price would require under our stated assumptions, not what we expect.

What prices imply across Technology Services The market-wide Expectations lists

Key figures

Share Priceclose 9 Nov
₹35.64
ROCE
-2.0%
Market Cap
₹179 cr
Revenue (TTM)
₹143 cr
P/S
1.3x
P/B
0.6x
ROE
-0.5%
Operating Margin
5.0%
Debt / Equity
0.3x
Promoter Holding
52.4%
12M Momentum
-36.0%

52-week range

₹29.68₹70.00
15% of the way from its 52-week low to its high

Price risk

1Y volatility
56.2%
Beta vs sector
1-year daily
0.43

Balance sheet & cash

Interest cover
operating profit ÷ interest
-0.1x
Cash from profit, 3Y
operating cash flow ÷ net profit
-2.00x
low
Share count, 1Y
+48.6%

Are profits backed by cash?

2 of 4checks within range1 beyond a threshold
Other income reliance—Not enough data

Not enough reported data to compute this.

Tax rate—Not enough data

Not enough reported data to compute this.

Cash conversion-2.44xBeyond threshold

Operating cash flow divided by net profit over the last three fiscal years: -2.44x (cash from operations ₹-22 cr, net profit ₹9 cr). Bands: 0.8x and above, 0.5x to 0.8x, below 0.5x.

Free cash flow2 of 5 yrsNear threshold

Fiscal years with positive free cash flow in the last 5: 2. Bands: at least 80% of years, 40% to 80%, below 40%.

Receivable days vs history+4 daysWithin range

Debtor days are above the median of the previous three fiscal years by 4 days (90 vs 86). Bands: under 15 days, 15 to 45, over 45.

Capital work in progress2% of fixed assetsWithin range

Capital work-in-progress is 2% of fixed assets. Bands: not rising or up to 30%; rising for three years and above 30%; rising and above 60%.

Payable days—Not enough data

Not enough reported data to compute this.

Tap a check to see how it is measured

How to read this

Each check is a named rule with fixed thresholds, not a score. Annual statements are the latest restated figures, so a past year may differ from what was originally reported.

All terms explained in the glossary →

Who has been buying and selling?

  • Over 2 years, FIIs added 6.4 pts; promoters trimmed 1.4 pts.
  • The number of shareholders rose from 13,648 to 18,091 (+33%) between Dec 2023 and Jun 2026.

Holdings, Jun '26

How each group changed

GroupDec '23Jun '26Change
Promoters53.9%52.4%-1.4 pts
FIIs0.0%6.4%+6.4 pts
DIIs0.0%0.0%0.0 pts
Public and others46.1%41.1%-5.0 pts

Number of shareholders

18,091shareholders+33% since Dec '23
14k15k17k18k Dec '23Sep '24Jun '25Dec '25Jun '26
Dec '23: 13,648
Jun '24: 13,968
Sep '24: 16,329
Mar '25: 17,180
Jun '25: 16,960
Sep '25: 17,043
Dec '25: 17,349
Mar '26: 17,664
Jun '26: 18,091
14k15k17k18k Dec '23Mar '25Dec '25Jun '26
Dec '23: 13,648
Jun '24: 13,968
Sep '24: 16,329
Mar '25: 17,180
Jun '25: 16,960
Sep '25: 17,043
Dec '25: 17,349
Mar '26: 17,664
Jun '26: 18,091

Quarterly shareholding as reported, labelled by the quarter it covers (it becomes visible about two months later).
Shareholder counts are only available for recent quarters.

This quarter's smart-money board

What happened next to similar setups

+6.6%typical 12-month return vs the marketNot meaningfully different from the base rate
  • We found 50 past situations where a non-financial company looked like AION-TECH SOLUTIONS LIMITED today on valuation, return on capital, margins, debt, growth, price momentum, size and volatility.
  • Over the following 12 months the middle half of them returned −15% to +31% vs the market, against 0% for all non-financial companies in the same months.
  • The gap against the base rate (+6.7%, 80% range −0.3% to +10.0%) is within what chance and overlapping periods produce.

Where the 50 outcomes landed

−100%−50%0%+50%+100%
GSLSU · May 2025: −59.5% vs market
RAJTV · Apr 2025: −53.3% vs market
PRAXIS · Feb 2020: −46.7% vs market
COFFEEDAY · Aug 2023: −45.3% vs market
MTNL · Jul 2025: −43.9% vs market
HERANBA · Sep 2025: −40.1% vs market
DELTAMAGNT · Mar 2020: −35.1% vs market
KRIDHANINF · Jun 2021: −34.6% vs market
VIKASLIFE · Oct 2023: −28.7% vs market
NETWORK18 · Jun 2024: −27.6% vs market
SHEMAROO · Jul 2024: −22.6% vs market
SHAH · Mar 2020: −17.6% vs market
KOHINOOR · Jul 2024: −15.9% vs market
SHALPAINTS · Sep 2020: −13.9% vs market
GENUSPAPER · Oct 2023: −9.3% vs market
ONMOBILE · Aug 2025: −7.5% vs market
NATHBIOGEN · Feb 2023: −5.4% vs market
NEXTMEDIA · Sep 2023: −3.3% vs market
ENIL · Aug 2023: −3.0% vs market
PRAENG · Aug 2022: −2.8% vs market
HERITGFOOD · Dec 2020: +1.9% vs market
ZODIACLOTH · Jun 2022: +2.7% vs market
KCPSUGIND · May 2021: +3.9% vs market
RKDL · Nov 2023: +4.7% vs market
INDTERRAIN · Mar 2023: +6.3% vs market
JITFINFRA · Feb 2020: +6.8% vs market
TITAGARH · May 2020: +7.9% vs market
KANORICHEM · Jan 2020: +9.0% vs market
AGNI · Sep 2023: +11.4% vs market
BALAJITELE · Jun 2023: +12.1% vs market
BANKA · Apr 2025: +12.8% vs market
JINDRILL · Dec 2020: +13.0% vs market
BYKE · Mar 2023: +13.1% vs market
SAMBHAAV · Jul 2023: +14.1% vs market
UFO · Jul 2023: +16.5% vs market
ZUARIIND · Apr 2020: +18.2% vs market
KRITI · May 2024: +22.9% vs market
NOIDATOLL · Aug 2023: +33.7% vs market
INOXWIND · Jan 2020: +33.8% vs market
AXISCADES · May 2020: +51.2% vs market
BOMDYEING · Dec 2022: +53.0% vs market
NURECA · Sep 2025: +58.2% vs market
SWELECTES · Jul 2020: +59.9% vs market
REPRO · Jan 2023: +62.3% vs market
INDOWIND · Jun 2023: +72.1% vs market
NILAINFRA · Jul 2023: +77.3% vs market
NIBL · Mar 2020: +96.2% vs market
DBREALTY · Feb 2020: +172.1% vs market
GANESHHOU · Jul 2020: +195.7% vs market
PANACEABIO · Jul 2024: +201.0% vs market
Similar setups +6.6%All companies −0.1%← worse than the marketbetter than the market →

Each dot is one past situation (hover or tap for details) · Solid dots are the closest matches, listed below · Shaded is the middle half of all companies in the same months · 3 beyond the range shown, drawn at the edge

Similar setups' median
+6.6%
All companies' median
−0.1%
Beat the market
60% vs 50%

50 past situations · 50 companies · 30 months · 2020–2025

The closest matches

CompanyWhenP/EROCE12M mom.DrawdownNext 12 months
COFFEEDAY
Consumer Services
Aug 2023 —-6% −6%−32% −45%
ZUARIIND
Process Industries
Apr 2020 —-2% −60%−61% +18%
NEXTMEDIA
Consumer Services
Sep 2023 —-8% −5%−31% −3%
VIKASLIFE
Distribution Services
Oct 2023 —-7% −3%−28% −29%
NIBL
Producer Manufacturing
Mar 2020 —-5% −73%−76% +96%
Show the other 3 matches
CompanyWhenP/EROCE12M mom.DrawdownNext 12 months
NETWORK18
Consumer Services
Jun 2024 —0% +27%−39% −28%
KRIDHANINF
Non-Energy Minerals
Jun 2021 —1% +23%−16% −35%
SHALPAINTS
Process Industries
Sep 2020 —-10% −22%−38% −14%
How reliable is this?

Matched on P/S, ROCE, operating margin, debt/equity, interest cover, revenue growth, 12-month momentum, drawdown from 12-month high, size and volatility. Closest on: drawdown from 12-month high, 12-month momentum and interest cover. Not used (unavailable for this company): P/E. This company is loss-making, so it was only compared with loss-making companies. One match per company and at most 7 from any one month.

Independent periods: the matches fall in 6 distinct 12-month windows. Matches from nearby months share the same market conditions, so fewer windows means less evidence.

How this is built

This is history, not a forecast. These are past situations where other companies had broadly similar reported numbers and price trends. What happened to them does not tell you what will happen to AION-TECH SOLUTIONS LIMITED. The comparison covers only 2020–2025, a single market period, and only companies still listed today. Companies that were delisted or went bankrupt are missing, which makes past outcomes look better than they were. Returns exclude dividends and are measured against an ApnaFunda-built index, not an official benchmark. Fundamentals are matched on a 60-day assumed reporting lag, not actual announcement dates. Its historical skill has not yet been measured. Past patterns may not repeat.

Methodology

How historical analogs are built

Data as of 2026-11-09. Outcome pool: Jan 2020 to Oct 2025.

For every company we look at the situation it is in today (valuation, return on capital, margins, debt, growth, 12-month price momentum, drawdown, size and volatility) and find past company-months that looked most like it. We then show what happened to those past situations over the following 12 months, measured against the ApnaFunda All index and against the base rate. It describes history. It does not predict anything.

What is compared

FeatureWeightNon-financialFinancial
P/E1yesyes
P/S1yes—
P/B1—yes
ROCE1yes—
operating margin1yes—
ROE1—yes
debt/equity0.75yes—
interest cover0.5yes—
revenue growth0.75yesyes
12-month momentum1yesyes
drawdown from 12-month high0.75yesyes
size0.75yesyes
volatility0.5yesyes

Weights were set by judgement before any outcome was looked at and are never tuned on results. Loss-making companies (negative P/E or net profit) are only matched with other loss-making companies. Banks, NBFCs and insurers are compared only with each other and use a different feature set. Every feature is converted, month by month, to its rank among companies in the same pool in that month, so a P/E of 30 in a hot market and a P/E of 22 in a cold one can match if both were equally expensive for their time. Only that month's data is used.

How closeness and the sample are defined

Distance is the weighted root-mean-square gap between the standardised features both companies have. A match needs at least 70% of the query's feature weight, a distance of at most 0.9, and 30 matches at minimum to be shown. We keep up to 50 matches with these exclusions: never the company itself, one match per company (its closest month), and at most 7 from any one calendar month so a single market episode cannot dominate.

Base rate

The base rate is the distribution of 12-month returns, relative to the market, of every eligible company-month in the same pool, with each month weighted to match the months the analogs came from. It answers: how did a random company do in these same months? Because matches from nearby months share the same market conditions, we also report the number of distinct 12-month windows behind a result, and a bootstrap that resamples months decides whether the analog median differs from the base rate at all. "Not meaningfully different" is the usual outcome and the page copy is written for it.

Limits you should know

  • One market period. The outcome pool covers 2020–2025 only (70 months), including the 2020 crash and the 2020–21 rally.
  • Survivorship. Only companies listed today are included. Delisted and bankrupt companies are missing, which flatters past outcomes, particularly for distressed-looking setups.
  • Price return only. Dividends are excluded, and the benchmark is an ApnaFunda market-cap-weighted index of the same listed companies, not an official index.
  • Reporting lag. Fundamentals are matched on an assumed 60-day lag after the quarter end, not on real announcement dates.
  • Pools: non-financial: 98,395 company-months from 2019 companies; financial: 5,659 company-months from 108 companies. 2349 companies currently have a result; the rest are suppressed because too few comparable situations exist.

Does it work? A walk-forward check

The walk-forward check has not been run for this build, so skill is shown as not yet measured.

Disclaimer

This is history, not a forecast. These are past situations where other companies had broadly similar reported numbers and price trends. What happened to them does not tell you what will happen to any company shown. The comparison covers only 2020–2025, a single market period, and only companies still listed today. Companies that were delisted or went bankrupt are missing, which makes past outcomes look better than they were. Returns exclude dividends and are measured against an ApnaFunda-built index, not an official benchmark. Fundamentals are matched on a 60-day assumed reporting lag, not actual announcement dates. Its historical skill has not yet been measured. Past patterns may not repeat.

What changed?

30 events since Feb '21

  1. SepResultsEPS (TTM) turned negative.
  2. SepPeer rankSlipped to the bottom quartile of Technology Services on operating margin (from the 2nd quartile).
  3. JunPromoterPromoter holding fell 6.4 pts to 52.4%.
  4. JunInstitutionsFII + DII holding rose 6.4 pts over 2 quarters to 6.4%.
  5. JunPeer rankMoved into the 2nd quartile of Technology Services on operating margin (from the bottom quartile).
  6. JunSharesShare count is up 48.6% over 12 months.
  7. MarPriceFell 82% from the Jan 2024 peak to the Mar 2026 low.
  8. MarPeer rankSlipped to the bottom quartile of Technology Services on operating margin (from the 3rd quartile).
Show 22 earlier events
  1. DecResultsYear-on-year EPS growth turned negative.
  2. DecPeer rankMoved into the 3rd quartile of Technology Services on operating margin (from the bottom quartile).
  3. SepPromoterPromoter holding rose 5.0 pts to 58.9%.
  4. SepValuationP/E fell below the 10th percentile of its own history to date (13.8x).
  5. JanResultsYear-on-year EPS growth turned positive.
  6. DecResultsEPS (TTM) turned positive.
  7. DecPeer rankMoved into the top quartile of Technology Services on EPS growth (from the bottom quartile).
  8. JunResultsEPS (TTM) turned negative.
  9. JunPeer rankSlipped to the bottom quartile of Technology Services on EPS growth (from the 3rd quartile).
  10. JanValuationP/E crossed above the 90th percentile of its own history to date (1216.2x).
  11. NovPriceRegained the 2021-12 peak, 11 months after the low.
  12. JunResultsRevenue (TTM) reached a new high of ₹93 cr.
  13. JunPeer rankMoved into the 3rd quartile of Technology Services on EPS growth (from the bottom quartile).
  14. DecPriceFell 65% from the Dec 2021 peak to the Dec 2022 low.
  15. JunResultsEPS (TTM) turned positive.
  16. JunSharesShare count is up 84.2% over 12 months.
  17. NovPriceRegained the 2021-10 peak, 1 month after the low.
  18. OctPriceFell 28% from the Oct 2021 peak to the Oct 2021 low.
  19. AugPriceRegained the 2021-02 peak, 5 months after the low.
  20. JunResultsRevenue (TTM) reached a new high of ₹50 cr.
  21. MarPriceFell 50% from the Feb 2021 peak to the Mar 2021 low.
  22. FebPriceRegained the 2019-01 peak, 11 months after the low.

Events are generated from the data by fixed rules.
The month shown is when the change became visible in the reported figures, assuming a 60-day lag after each quarter end; it is not an announcement date.

Where price and fundamentals disagree, market-wide Rewind the whole market to any month

Monthly history95 months · 2019-01 to 2026-11
MonthP/ERevenue (TTM)ROEROCEDebt / Equity
2026-11—₹143 cr-0.5%-2.0%0.3x
2026-10—₹143 cr-0.5%-2.0%0.3x
2026-09—₹143 cr-0.5%-2.0%0.3x
2026-0831.6x₹135 cr2.5%-2.0%0.3x
2026-0736.8x₹135 cr2.5%-2.0%0.3x
2026-0636.0x₹135 cr2.5%-2.0%0.3x
2026-0526.8x₹122 cr5.9%-2.0%0.1x
2026-0423.5x₹122 cr5.9%-2.0%0.1x
2026-0318.4x₹122 cr5.9%-2.0%0.1x
2026-0225.5x₹104 cr1.2%-2.0%0.1x
2026-0128.8x₹104 cr1.2%-2.0%0.1x
2025-1232.5x₹104 cr1.2%-2.0%0.1x
2025-1112.5x₹90 cr3.4%-2.0%0.1x
2025-1013.6x₹90 cr3.4%-2.0%0.1x
2025-0913.8x₹90 cr3.4%-2.0%0.1x
2025-0823.2x₹89 cr2.1%-2.0%0.1x
2025-0726.7x₹89 cr2.1%-2.0%0.1x
2025-0625.8x₹89 cr2.1%-2.0%0.1x
2025-0528.5x₹83 cr2.5%-1.0%0.2x
2025-0426.5x₹83 cr2.5%-1.0%0.2x
2025-0321.3x₹83 cr2.5%-1.0%0.2x
2025-0226.9x₹87 cr2.4%-1.0%0.2x
2025-0128.7x₹87 cr2.4%-1.0%0.2x
2024-1234.4x₹87 cr2.4%-1.0%0.2x
2024-11—₹92 cr-3.2%-1.0%0.2x
2024-10—₹92 cr-3.2%-1.0%0.2x
2024-09—₹92 cr-3.2%-1.0%0.2x
2024-08—₹93 cr-3.2%-1.0%0.2x
2024-07—₹93 cr-3.2%-1.0%0.2x
2024-06—₹93 cr-3.2%-1.0%0.2x
2024-05893.1x₹93 cr0.6%3.0%0.2x
2024-041019.2x₹93 cr0.6%3.0%0.2x
2024-03971.9x₹93 cr0.6%3.0%0.2x
2024-021150.4x₹93 cr0.6%3.0%0.2x
2024-011216.2x₹93 cr0.6%3.0%0.2x
2023-12970.0x₹93 cr0.6%3.0%0.2x
2023-11943.8x₹93 cr0.6%3.0%0.2x
2023-10676.9x₹93 cr0.6%3.0%0.2x
2023-09786.5x₹93 cr0.6%3.0%0.2x
2023-08685.0x₹93 cr0.6%3.0%0.2x
2023-07766.2x₹93 cr0.6%3.0%0.2x
2023-06543.8x₹93 cr0.6%3.0%0.2x
2023-05420.3x₹61 cr0.7%2.0%0.1x
2023-04431.3x₹61 cr0.7%2.0%0.1x
2023-03305.7x₹61 cr0.7%2.0%0.1x
2023-02339.0x₹61 cr0.7%2.0%0.1x
2023-01436.7x₹61 cr0.7%2.0%0.1x
2022-12316.7x₹61 cr0.7%2.0%0.1x
2022-11337.3x₹61 cr0.7%2.0%0.1x
2022-10346.3x₹61 cr0.7%2.0%0.1x
2022-09333.0x₹61 cr0.7%2.0%0.1x
2022-08360.7x₹61 cr0.7%2.0%0.1x
2022-07365.0x₹61 cr0.7%2.0%0.1x
2022-06305.7x₹61 cr0.7%2.0%0.1x
2022-05—₹50 cr-1.3%0.0%0.0x
2022-04—₹50 cr-1.3%0.0%0.0x
2022-03—₹50 cr-1.3%0.0%0.0x
2022-02—₹50 cr-1.3%0.0%0.0x
2022-01—₹50 cr-1.3%0.0%0.0x
2021-12—₹50 cr-1.3%0.0%0.0x
2021-11—₹50 cr-1.3%0.0%0.0x
2021-10—₹50 cr-1.3%0.0%0.0x
2021-09—₹50 cr-1.3%0.0%0.0x
2021-08—₹50 cr-1.3%0.0%0.0x
2021-07—₹50 cr-1.3%0.0%0.0x
2021-06—₹50 cr-1.3%0.0%0.0x
2021-05—₹43 cr-0.3%1.0%0.1x
2021-04—₹43 cr-0.3%1.0%0.1x
2021-03—₹43 cr-0.3%1.0%0.1x
2021-02—₹43 cr-0.3%1.0%0.1x
2021-01—₹43 cr-0.3%1.0%0.1x
2020-12—₹43 cr-0.3%1.0%0.1x
2020-11—₹43 cr-0.3%1.0%0.1x
2020-10—₹43 cr-0.3%1.0%0.1x
2020-09—₹43 cr-0.3%1.0%0.1x
2020-08—₹43 cr-0.3%1.0%0.1x
2020-07—₹43 cr-0.3%1.0%0.1x
2020-06—₹43 cr-0.3%1.0%0.1x
2020-05—₹42 cr-2.0%1.0%0.0x
2020-04—₹42 cr-2.0%1.0%0.0x
2020-03—₹42 cr-2.0%1.0%0.0x
2020-02—₹42 cr-2.0%1.0%0.0x
2020-01—₹42 cr-2.0%1.0%0.0x
2019-12—₹42 cr-2.0%1.0%0.0x
2019-11—₹42 cr-2.0%1.0%0.0x
2019-10—₹42 cr-2.0%1.0%0.0x
2019-09—₹42 cr-2.0%1.0%0.0x
2019-08—₹42 cr-2.0%1.0%0.0x
2019-07—₹42 cr-2.0%1.0%0.0x
2019-06—₹42 cr-2.0%1.0%0.0x
2019-0515.4x₹36 cr3.5%1.0%0.0x
2019-0416.0x₹36 cr3.5%1.0%0.0x
2019-0315.1x₹36 cr3.5%1.0%0.0x
2019-0216.0x₹36 cr3.5%1.0%0.0x
2019-0116.3x₹36 cr3.5%1.0%0.0x

Methodology and data notes

Methodology

Methodology and data notes

All figures come from public exchange prices and screener.in financial statements. Quarterly and annual results are shown from 60 days after the period end, so a month never uses a result before it would plausibly have been published. Statements are the latest versions, which may include later restatements.

Sector medians, percentiles and indices use today's listed companies in the sector (survivorship bias). Prices are adjusted for splits and bonus issues; around a corporate action the fundamentals may lag the price by up to a month, and affected sections are hidden.

The return decomposition uses price = P/E × net profit ÷ share count. The reverse DCF uses a fixed 12% cost of equity, a 10-year horizon and a 15x terminal P/E, and is an illustration only. Events, flags and twins follow fixed rules and thresholds described next to each section.

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