अApnaFunda

CHEMPLAST SANMAR LTD (CHEMPLASTS)

Process Industries · Chemicals: Major Diversified · figures to Nov '26

Quality scoreHow the business itself ranks against its sector peers on profitability, 3-year growth and leverage. 50 is the middle of the sector.13 / 100
Profitability 5Growth 19Balance sheet 16
Momentum scoreHow strong the recent trend is: 3-month price change, 12-month improvement in earnings and the rise in FII + DII holding, among companies above ₹500 cr.42 / 100
Price 96Earnings 19FII/DII 10

Share price

Closing priceAdjusted for splits and bonus issues.

₹237.83 latest close · +14.7% over the last 90 sessions

₹175₹200₹225Jul 3Jul 29Aug 24Sep 17Oct 14Nov 9 ₹175₹200₹225Jul 3Sep 4Nov 9

₹237.83 month-end · −16.3% over 12 months

₹200₹250Nov '25Jan '26Apr '26Jun '26Sep '26Nov '26 ₹200₹250Nov '25May '26Nov '26

₹237.83 month-end · −49.4% over 3 years

₹200₹400Nov '23Jun '24Jan '25Sep '25Apr '26Nov '26 ₹200₹400Nov '23May '25Nov '26

₹237.83 month-end · −58.7% since Aug '21

₹200₹400₹600Aug '21Sep '22Sep '23Oct '24Oct '25Nov '26 ₹200₹400₹600Aug '21Apr '24Nov '26

52-week range ₹161.00 to ₹412.50 · 1-year volatility 54.2%

How rough has the ride been?

Maximum drawdown-79.4%not yet recovered
1-year volatility54.2%annualised
Beta vs sector index1.043-year daily, correlation 0.42
Volume spikes6last 90 sessions, 5x the 50-day median

Drawdown from peak

0%−25%−50%−75%20222023202420252026−78.8% 0%−25%−50%−75%202220242026−78.8%
Largest drawdowns

-79.4% (2021-10 peak to 2026-09 low, not yet recovered)

Most recent volume spikes

2026-11-09: 57.3x the 50-day median, price +11.4% that day

2026-10-07: 20.1x the 50-day median, price +8.6% that day

2026-09-22: 32.4x the 50-day median, price +9.7% that day

Beta is the slope of daily returns against a market-cap-weighted index of the sector's other listed companies, built from today's constituents (so it excludes companies no longer listed).

Where does it rank among Process Industries peers?

Each cell is the company's percentile rank among its Process Industries peers (non-financial companies) that month.
Darker is better-ranked.
Rows marked ↓ are inverted (lower debt, shorter cash cycle and a lower P/E rank higher).

Where it ranks today

  • ROCE8th▼ 3 pts vs a year ago
  • Op. margin3rd▼ 11 pts vs a year ago
  • Revenue growth19th▼ 27 pts vs a year ago
  • EPS growth4th▼ 8 pts vs a year ago
  • Debt/equity ↓13th▼ 6 pts vs a year ago
  • Cash cycle ↓99thflat vs a year ago
  • P/E ↓21st▼ 44 pts vs a year ago
  • 12M momentum39th▲ 28 pts vs a year ago

Rank history

ROCE
Op. margin
Revenue growth
EPS growth
Debt/equity ↓
Cash cycle ↓
P/E ↓
12M momentum
Dec '21Jul '22Jan '23Jul '23Jan '24Jul '24Jan '25Jul '25Jan '26Jul '26Nov '26
Lower rank Higher rank Not enough data

Percentiles use today's listed companies in the sector and need at least 5 peers with a value; grey cells have too few.
ROE is computed from net profit and book value where the source does not report it.

The Process Industries sector page Watch it move against Process Industries in the Observatory

What is the price implying?

Trailing earnings per share are negative, so a P/E-based figure does not exist. See the loss-makers list on the Expectations Gap page for a revenue-based version.

“Implied growth” is what the current price would require under our stated assumptions, not what we expect.

What prices imply across Process Industries The market-wide Expectations lists

Key figures

Share Priceclose 9 Nov
₹237.83
ROCE
0.0%
Market Cap
₹3755 cr
Revenue (TTM)
₹4249 cr
P/S
0.9x
P/B
2.1x
ROE
-22.3%
Operating Margin
-10.0%
Debt / Equity
1.1x
Promoter Holding
55.0%
12M Momentum
-16.3%

52-week range

₹161.00₹412.50
31% of the way from its 52-week low to its high

Price risk

1Y volatility
54.2%
Beta vs sector
1-year daily
1.14

Balance sheet & cash

Interest cover
operating profit ÷ interest
-1.2x
Cash from profit, 3Y
operating cash flow ÷ net profit
1.57x
Share count, 1Y
unchanged

Are profits backed by cash?

3 of 4checks within range1 beyond a threshold
Other income reliance—Not enough data

Not enough reported data to compute this.

Tax rate—Not enough data

Not enough reported data to compute this.

Cash conversion—Not enough data

Not enough reported data to compute this.

Free cash flow1 of 5 yrsBeyond threshold

Fiscal years with positive free cash flow in the last 5: 1. Bands: at least 80% of years, 40% to 80%, below 40%.

Receivable days vs history-5 daysWithin range

Debtor days are below the median of the previous three fiscal years by 5 days (8 vs 13). Bands: under 15 days, 15 to 45, over 45.

Capital work in progress8% of fixed assetsWithin range

Capital work-in-progress is 8% of fixed assets. Bands: not rising or up to 30%; rising for three years and above 30%; rising and above 60%.

Payable days-11 days / 2 yrsWithin range

Days payable changed by -11 over two years. Bands: rise of up to 30 days; more than 30 days.

Tap a check to see how it is measured

How to read this

Each check is a named rule with fixed thresholds, not a score. Annual statements are the latest restated figures, so a past year may differ from what was originally reported.

All terms explained in the glossary →

Who has been buying and selling?

  • Over 3 years, DIIs trimmed 3.2 pts.
  • The number of shareholders fell from 93,594 to 64,604 (-31%) between Sep 2023 and Jun 2026.

Holdings, Jun '26

How each group changed

GroupSep '23Jun '26Change
Promoters55.0%55.0%0.0 pts
FIIs11.6%12.0%+0.4 pts
DIIs26.9%23.7%-3.2 pts
Public and others6.5%9.3%+2.8 pts

Number of shareholders

64,604shareholders-31% since Sep '23
63k73k83k94k Sep '23Jun '24Mar '25Dec '25Jun '26
Sep '23: 93,594
Dec '23: 90,184
Mar '24: 85,649
Jun '24: 74,800
Sep '24: 72,772
Dec '24: 70,994
Mar '25: 68,751
Jun '25: 66,577
Sep '25: 64,908
Dec '25: 64,051
Mar '26: 62,594
Jun '26: 64,604
63k73k83k94k Sep '23Sep '24Sep '25Jun '26
Sep '23: 93,594
Dec '23: 90,184
Mar '24: 85,649
Jun '24: 74,800
Sep '24: 72,772
Dec '24: 70,994
Mar '25: 68,751
Jun '25: 66,577
Sep '25: 64,908
Dec '25: 64,051
Mar '26: 62,594
Jun '26: 64,604

Quarterly shareholding as reported, labelled by the quarter it covers (it becomes visible about two months later).
Shareholder counts are only available for recent quarters.

This quarter's smart-money board

What happened next to similar setups

−15.0%typical 12-month return vs the marketNot meaningfully different from the base rate
  • We found 50 past situations where a non-financial company looked like CHEMPLAST SANMAR LTD today on valuation, return on capital, margins, debt, growth, price momentum, size and volatility.
  • Over the following 12 months the middle half of them returned −26% to +44% vs the market, against −3% for all non-financial companies in the same months.
  • The gap against the base rate (−12.4%, 80% range −17.0% to +4.4%) is within what chance and overlapping periods produce.

Where the 50 outcomes landed

−100%−50%0%+50%+100%
PRAXIS · Aug 2023: −57.7% vs market
ZEEMEDIA · Dec 2024: −53.3% vs market
NETWORK18 · Jun 2025: −46.5% vs market
BOMDYEING · Mar 2022: −39.3% vs market
V2RETAIL · Dec 2021: −38.7% vs market
SANGHIIND · Mar 2024: −37.0% vs market
SUTLEJTEX · May 2022: −35.6% vs market
RENUKA · Apr 2023: −35.4% vs market
ELGIRUBCO · Aug 2025: −33.7% vs market
GTLINFRA · Oct 2022: −33.4% vs market
SWSOLAR · Dec 2021: −32.6% vs market
VIPULLTD · Apr 2021: −29.2% vs market
APCL · Jun 2023: −26.5% vs market
RAMANEWS · Nov 2021: −24.6% vs market
SHIVAMAUTO · Aug 2020: −22.9% vs market
ACLGATI · May 2022: −22.3% vs market
OMAXE · Jun 2025: −21.5% vs market
MTNL · May 2022: −19.9% vs market
TIRUMALCHM · May 2025: −19.6% vs market
ONIDA · Sep 2023: −19.4% vs market
BRNL · Jun 2022: −19.2% vs market
DCW · May 2023: −17.7% vs market
RML · Apr 2021: −17.0% vs market
ESTER · Aug 2024: −15.7% vs market
INDOCO · Aug 2025: −15.3% vs market
KHADIM · Feb 2022: −14.8% vs market
ALOKINDS · Oct 2023: −7.4% vs market
NIPPOBATRY · Jun 2023: +1.3% vs market
PRSMJOHNSN · Apr 2025: +1.6% vs market
KOLTEPATIL · Jun 2024: +4.9% vs market
RPOWER · Aug 2023: +8.4% vs market
SOLARA · May 2024: +9.4% vs market
ARVINDFASN · Dec 2021: +23.1% vs market
IDEA · Oct 2022: +26.2% vs market
WOCKPHARMA · Mar 2020: +33.4% vs market
DREDGECORP · Jan 2025: +39.1% vs market
KHAICHEM · Oct 2024: +39.8% vs market
INOXWIND · May 2022: +44.8% vs market
SEPC · Mar 2022: +45.6% vs market
MADRASFERT · Mar 2021: +57.9% vs market
JAYNECOIND · Feb 2023: +59.6% vs market
RTNPOWER · May 2020: +69.9% vs market
STAR · Jan 2023: +70.0% vs market
INDORAMA · Jun 2020: +74.0% vs market
PRICOLLTD · Dec 2020: +76.6% vs market
KUANTUM · Dec 2021: +78.8% vs market
SHILPAMED · Dec 2023: +110.0% vs market
JUBLPHARMA · Oct 2023: +132.2% vs market
SDBL · Oct 2021: +141.6% vs market
CENTUM · Jun 2022: +185.0% vs market
Similar setups −15.0%All companies −2.6%← worse than the marketbetter than the market →

Each dot is one past situation (hover or tap for details) · Solid dots are the closest matches, listed below · Shaded is the middle half of all companies in the same months · 4 beyond the range shown, drawn at the edge

Similar setups' median
−15.0%
All companies' median
−2.6%
Beat the market
46% vs 47%

50 past situations · 50 companies · 35 months · 2020–2025

The closest matches

CompanyWhenP/EROCE12M mom.DrawdownNext 12 months
ALOKINDS
Process Industries
Oct 2023 —-7% +12%−21% −7%
JAYNECOIND
Producer Manufacturing
Feb 2023 —3% −1%−35% +60%
MTNL
Communications
May 2022 —-3% −1%−44% −20%
TIRUMALCHM
Process Industries
May 2025 —0% −2%−35% −20%
RTNPOWER
Utilities
May 2020 —2% −47%−59% +70%
Show the other 3 matches
CompanyWhenP/EROCE12M mom.DrawdownNext 12 months
DCW
Process Industries
May 2023 —1% +6%−28% −18%
RPOWER
Utilities
Aug 2023 —3% +14%−18% +8%
ONIDA
Consumer Durables
Sep 2023 —-3% +22%−16% −19%
How reliable is this?

Matched on P/S, ROCE, operating margin, debt/equity, interest cover, revenue growth, 12-month momentum, drawdown from 12-month high, size and volatility. Closest on: 12-month momentum, drawdown from 12-month high and P/S. Not used (unavailable for this company): P/E. This company is loss-making, so it was only compared with loss-making companies. One match per company and at most 7 from any one month.

Independent periods: the matches fall in 6 distinct 12-month windows. Matches from nearby months share the same market conditions, so fewer windows means less evidence.

How this is built

This is history, not a forecast. These are past situations where other companies had broadly similar reported numbers and price trends. What happened to them does not tell you what will happen to CHEMPLAST SANMAR LTD. The comparison covers only 2020–2025, a single market period, and only companies still listed today. Companies that were delisted or went bankrupt are missing, which makes past outcomes look better than they were. Returns exclude dividends and are measured against an ApnaFunda-built index, not an official benchmark. Fundamentals are matched on a 60-day assumed reporting lag, not actual announcement dates. Its historical skill has not yet been measured. Past patterns may not repeat.

Methodology

How historical analogs are built

Data as of 2026-11-09. Outcome pool: Jan 2020 to Oct 2025.

For every company we look at the situation it is in today (valuation, return on capital, margins, debt, growth, 12-month price momentum, drawdown, size and volatility) and find past company-months that looked most like it. We then show what happened to those past situations over the following 12 months, measured against the ApnaFunda All index and against the base rate. It describes history. It does not predict anything.

What is compared

FeatureWeightNon-financialFinancial
P/E1yesyes
P/S1yes—
P/B1—yes
ROCE1yes—
operating margin1yes—
ROE1—yes
debt/equity0.75yes—
interest cover0.5yes—
revenue growth0.75yesyes
12-month momentum1yesyes
drawdown from 12-month high0.75yesyes
size0.75yesyes
volatility0.5yesyes

Weights were set by judgement before any outcome was looked at and are never tuned on results. Loss-making companies (negative P/E or net profit) are only matched with other loss-making companies. Banks, NBFCs and insurers are compared only with each other and use a different feature set. Every feature is converted, month by month, to its rank among companies in the same pool in that month, so a P/E of 30 in a hot market and a P/E of 22 in a cold one can match if both were equally expensive for their time. Only that month's data is used.

How closeness and the sample are defined

Distance is the weighted root-mean-square gap between the standardised features both companies have. A match needs at least 70% of the query's feature weight, a distance of at most 0.9, and 30 matches at minimum to be shown. We keep up to 50 matches with these exclusions: never the company itself, one match per company (its closest month), and at most 7 from any one calendar month so a single market episode cannot dominate.

Base rate

The base rate is the distribution of 12-month returns, relative to the market, of every eligible company-month in the same pool, with each month weighted to match the months the analogs came from. It answers: how did a random company do in these same months? Because matches from nearby months share the same market conditions, we also report the number of distinct 12-month windows behind a result, and a bootstrap that resamples months decides whether the analog median differs from the base rate at all. "Not meaningfully different" is the usual outcome and the page copy is written for it.

Limits you should know

  • One market period. The outcome pool covers 2020–2025 only (70 months), including the 2020 crash and the 2020–21 rally.
  • Survivorship. Only companies listed today are included. Delisted and bankrupt companies are missing, which flatters past outcomes, particularly for distressed-looking setups.
  • Price return only. Dividends are excluded, and the benchmark is an ApnaFunda market-cap-weighted index of the same listed companies, not an official index.
  • Reporting lag. Fundamentals are matched on an assumed 60-day lag after the quarter end, not on real announcement dates.
  • Pools: non-financial: 98,395 company-months from 2019 companies; financial: 5,659 company-months from 108 companies. 2349 companies currently have a result; the rest are suppressed because too few comparable situations exist.

Does it work? A walk-forward check

The walk-forward check has not been run for this build, so skill is shown as not yet measured.

Disclaimer

This is history, not a forecast. These are past situations where other companies had broadly similar reported numbers and price trends. What happened to them does not tell you what will happen to any company shown. The comparison covers only 2020–2025, a single market period, and only companies still listed today. Companies that were delisted or went bankrupt are missing, which makes past outcomes look better than they were. Returns exclude dividends and are measured against an ApnaFunda-built index, not an official benchmark. Fundamentals are matched on a 60-day assumed reporting lag, not actual announcement dates. Its historical skill has not yet been measured. Past patterns may not repeat.

What else looks like this?

Companies with the most similar financial profile today, regardless of industry.

Producer Manufacturing
64%similar
promoter holdingROCE
Producer Manufacturing
58%similar
debt/equityrevenue growth
Health Technology
54%similar
debt/equityROCE
Producer Manufacturing
53%similar
debt/equityROCE
Producer Manufacturing
51%similar
debt/equityvolatility
Process Industries
65%similar
debt/equityrevenue growth
Process Industries
61%similar
volatilityoperating margin
Process Industries
56%similar
market capvolatility

Similarity is statistical, based on reported metrics; it does not imply similar business quality or future returns.

What changed?

30 events since Jan '23

  1. NovPriceVolume reached 57.3x its 50-day median on 2026-11-09; price +11.4% that day.
  2. SepPriceFell 79% from the Oct 2021 peak to the Sep 2026 low.
  3. SepPeer rankSlipped to the bottom quartile of Process Industries on operating margin (from the 2nd quartile).
  4. SepPriceVolume reached 79.5x its 50-day median on 2026-09-07; price +8.9% that day.
  5. JunPeer rankMoved into the 2nd quartile of Process Industries on operating margin (from the bottom quartile).
  6. JunDebtDebt / equity rose above 1.0x (1.11x).
  7. JunPriceVolume reached 31.4x its 50-day median on 2026-06-17; price +10.5% that day.
  8. MarPeer rankSlipped to the bottom quartile of Process Industries on operating margin (from the 3rd quartile).
Show 22 earlier events
  1. JanPriceVolume reached 84.0x its 50-day median on 2026-01-13; price +15.8% that day.
  2. DecPeer rankMoved into the 3rd quartile of Process Industries on operating margin (from the bottom quartile).
  3. DecPriceVolume reached 18.0x its 50-day median on 2025-12-22; price +7.1% that day.
  4. SepPriceVolume reached 18.1x its 50-day median on 2025-09-15; price +3.0% that day.
  5. JunPriceVolume reached 5.7x its 50-day median on 2025-06-20; price -2.3% that day.
  6. MarPriceVolume reached 19.3x its 50-day median on 2025-03-27; price -1.9% that day.
  7. DecPeer rankSlipped to the bottom quartile of Process Industries on operating margin (from the 2nd quartile).
  8. NovPriceVolume reached 33.6x its 50-day median on 2024-11-05; price +2.0% that day.
  9. SepPeer rankMoved into the 2nd quartile of Process Industries on operating margin (from the bottom quartile).
  10. AugPriceVolume reached 17.0x its 50-day median on 2024-08-08; price -6.6% that day.
  11. JunResultsEPS (TTM) turned negative.
  12. JunPeer rankSlipped to the bottom quartile of Process Industries on ROCE (from the 2nd quartile).
  13. JunPriceVolume reached 71.3x its 50-day median on 2024-06-14; price +11.8% that day.
  14. AprValuationP/E crossed above the 90th percentile of its own history to date (51.8x).
  15. JanPriceVolume reached 10.6x its 50-day median on 2024-01-03; price +1.4% that day.
  16. NovPriceVolume reached 79.2x its 50-day median on 2023-11-20; price -1.9% that day.
  17. AugValuationP/E crossed above the 90th percentile of its own history to date (53.9x).
  18. AugPriceVolume reached 13.3x its 50-day median on 2023-08-24; price +6.4% that day.
  19. JunResultsYear-on-year EPS growth turned negative.
  20. JunPeer rankSlipped to the 2nd quartile of Process Industries on ROCE (from the top quartile).
  21. MayPriceVolume reached 11.4x its 50-day median on 2023-05-04; price +1.3% that day.
  22. JanPriceVolume reached 7.8x its 50-day median on 2023-01-03; price +4.0% that day.

Events are generated from the data by fixed rules.
The month shown is when the change became visible in the reported figures, assuming a 60-day lag after each quarter end; it is not an announcement date.

Where price and fundamentals disagree, market-wide Rewind the whole market to any month

Monthly history64 months · 2021-08 to 2026-11
MonthP/ERevenue (TTM)ROEROCEDebt / Equity
2026-11—₹4249 cr-22.3%0.0%1.1x
2026-10—₹4249 cr-22.3%0.0%1.1x
2026-09—₹4249 cr-22.3%0.0%1.1x
2026-08—₹4224 cr-15.9%0.0%1.1x
2026-07—₹4224 cr-15.9%0.0%1.1x
2026-06—₹4224 cr-15.9%0.0%1.1x
2026-05—₹4119 cr-13.9%2.0%0.9x
2026-04—₹4119 cr-13.9%2.0%0.9x
2026-03—₹4119 cr-13.9%2.0%0.9x
2026-02—₹4342 cr-10.5%2.0%0.9x
2026-01—₹4342 cr-10.5%2.0%0.9x
2025-12—₹4342 cr-10.5%2.0%0.9x
2025-11—₹4302 cr-9.6%2.0%0.9x
2025-10—₹4302 cr-9.6%2.0%0.9x
2025-09—₹4302 cr-9.6%2.0%0.9x
2025-08—₹4347 cr-5.3%2.0%0.9x
2025-07—₹4347 cr-5.3%2.0%0.9x
2025-06—₹4347 cr-5.3%2.0%0.9x
2025-05—₹4247 cr-5.1%-2.0%0.9x
2025-04—₹4247 cr-5.1%-2.0%0.9x
2025-03—₹4247 cr-5.1%-2.0%0.9x
2025-02—₹4077 cr-7.5%-2.0%0.9x
2025-01—₹4077 cr-7.5%-2.0%0.9x
2024-12—₹4077 cr-7.5%-2.0%0.9x
2024-11—₹4072 cr-4.1%-2.0%0.9x
2024-10—₹4072 cr-4.1%-2.0%0.9x
2024-09—₹4072 cr-4.1%-2.0%0.9x
2024-08—₹3923 cr-9.3%-2.0%0.9x
2024-07—₹3923 cr-9.3%-2.0%0.9x
2024-06—₹3923 cr-9.3%-2.0%0.9x
2024-0548.8x₹4941 cr8.2%15.0%0.5x
2024-0451.8x₹4941 cr8.2%15.0%0.5x
2024-0346.7x₹4941 cr8.2%15.0%0.5x
2024-0248.8x₹4941 cr8.2%15.0%0.5x
2024-0151.2x₹4941 cr8.2%15.0%0.5x
2023-1251.9x₹4941 cr8.2%15.0%0.5x
2023-1148.7x₹4941 cr8.2%15.0%0.5x
2023-1046.1x₹4941 cr8.2%15.0%0.5x
2023-0950.2x₹4941 cr8.2%15.0%0.5x
2023-0853.9x₹4941 cr8.2%15.0%0.5x
2023-0746.1x₹4941 cr8.2%15.0%0.5x
2023-0647.2x₹4941 cr8.2%15.0%0.5x
2023-0511.1x₹5892 cr38.1%50.0%0.5x
2023-0410.5x₹5892 cr38.1%50.0%0.5x
2023-038.5x₹5892 cr38.1%50.0%0.5x
2023-029.4x₹5892 cr38.1%50.0%0.5x
2023-0110.8x₹5892 cr38.1%50.0%0.5x
2022-1211.2x₹5892 cr38.1%50.0%0.5x
2022-119.5x₹5892 cr38.1%50.0%0.5x
2022-109.1x₹5892 cr38.1%50.0%0.5x
2022-0910.2x₹5892 cr38.1%50.0%0.5x
2022-0810.3x₹5892 cr38.1%50.0%0.5x
2022-0711.6x₹5892 cr38.1%50.0%0.5x
2022-0611.5x₹5892 cr38.1%50.0%0.5x
2022-0515.8x₹3799 cr—21.0%—
2022-0419.4x₹3799 cr—21.0%—
2022-0321.7x₹3799 cr—21.0%—
2022-0215.4x₹3799 cr—21.0%—
2022-0118.1x₹3799 cr—21.0%—
2021-1218.1x₹3799 cr—21.0%—
2021-1118.7x₹3799 cr—21.0%—
2021-1021.3x₹3799 cr—21.0%—
2021-0920.0x₹3799 cr—21.0%—
2021-0818.8x₹3799 cr—21.0%—

Methodology and data notes

Methodology

Methodology and data notes

All figures come from public exchange prices and screener.in financial statements. Quarterly and annual results are shown from 60 days after the period end, so a month never uses a result before it would plausibly have been published. Statements are the latest versions, which may include later restatements.

Sector medians, percentiles and indices use today's listed companies in the sector (survivorship bias). Prices are adjusted for splits and bonus issues; around a corporate action the fundamentals may lag the price by up to a month, and affected sections are hidden.

The return decomposition uses price = P/E × net profit ÷ share count. The reverse DCF uses a fixed 12% cost of equity, a 10-year horizon and a 15x terminal P/E, and is an illustration only. Events, flags and twins follow fixed rules and thresholds described next to each section.

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