अApnaFunda

CEIGALL INDIA LIMITED (CEIGALL)

Industrial Services · Engineering & Construction · figures to Nov '26

Quality scoreHow the business itself ranks against its sector peers on profitability, 3-year growth and leverage. 50 is the middle of the sector.47 / 100
Profitability 57Balance sheet 37
Momentum scoreHow strong the recent trend is: 3-month price change, 12-month improvement in earnings and the rise in FII + DII holding, among companies above ₹500 cr.54 / 100
Price 91Earnings 53FII/DII 18

Passes these screensHigh MomentumLittle growth priced inInstitutions in, retail outNear 52-week high

Share price

Closing priceAdjusted for splits and bonus issues.

₹387.75 latest close · +6.5% over the last 90 sessions

₹350₹400Jul 3Jul 29Aug 24Sep 17Oct 14Nov 9 ₹350₹400Jul 3Sep 4Nov 9

₹387.75 month-end · +60.1% over 12 months

₹250₹300₹350₹400Nov '25Jan '26Apr '26Jun '26Sep '26Nov '26 ₹250₹300₹350₹400Nov '25May '26Nov '26

₹387.75 month-end · −1.6% since Aug '24

₹250₹300₹350₹400Aug '24Jan '25Jul '25Dec '25Jun '26Nov '26 ₹250₹300₹350₹400Aug '24Oct '25Nov '26

52-week range ₹222.61 to ₹405.90 · 1-year volatility 30.6%

Was the rally earned?

+60%share price, 1 yearEarnings and multiple

Both mattered.

  • Per-share earnings added 23 points and the multiple added 37 points (P/E 15.8x to 21.1x).
  • The share count rose 3%.
Net profit growth: +27 pts. Points of the price return explained by net profit growing (or shrinking).+27 ptsNet profit growthP/E change: +37 pts. Points of the price return explained by the market paying a higher or lower P/E multiple.+37 ptsP/E changeShare count change: −4 pts. Points of the price return explained by the share count changing. More shares count against the price.−4 ptsShare count changeShare price: +60%+60%Share priceNet profit growth: +27 pts. Points of the price return explained by net profit growing (or shrinking).+27ProfitP/E change: +37 pts. Points of the price return explained by the market paying a higher or lower P/E multiple.+37P/EShare count change: −4 pts. Points of the price return explained by the share count changing. More shares count against the price.−4SharesShare price: +60%+60%Share price
Net profit growth+27 ptsNet profit rose about 23%, which lifts the price.
P/E change+37 ptsThe P/E rose from 15.8x to 21.1x, which lifts the price.
Share count change-4 ptsShare count rose 3%, which lowers the price.
What do "pts" mean?

"pts" are percentage points of the share price return. The parts add up to the total shown for each period. Because price = P/E × net profit ÷ share count, higher profit pushes the price up, a higher P/E pushes it up, and more shares push it down.

Example: if the price rose 34% and profit growth accounts for +58 pts while a lower P/E accounts for -24 pts, then 58 - 24 = 34. The +58 is not the profit growth rate itself: it is the part of the price move that profit growth explains.

Not shown for 3 years and 5 years: earnings were negative at one end, or there is not enough history.

Net profit is trailing twelve months as reported with a 60-day lag.

Compare this with LARSEN AND TOUBRO

How rough has the ride been?

Maximum drawdown-44.0%not yet recovered
1-year volatility30.6%annualised
Beta vs sector index0.563-year daily, correlation 0.38
Volume spikes1last 90 sessions, 5x the 50-day median

Drawdown from peak

0%−20%−40%20252026−42.4% 0%−20%−40%20252026−42.4%
Largest drawdowns

-44.0% (2024-08 peak to 2025-12 low, not yet recovered)

Most recent volume spikes

2026-09-03: 6.6x the 50-day median, price +2.0% that day

Beta is the slope of daily returns against a market-cap-weighted index of the sector's other listed companies, built from today's constituents (so it excludes companies no longer listed).

Is it expensive against its own past and its peers?

21.1xP/E todayNear its historic high
Against its own history86th percentile
CheapestMedian 17.2xDearest

Usual range 12.7x to 21.4x since 2024-08.

Against Industrial Services21.1x vs 14.0x
This company
21.1x
Sector median
14.0x

50% above the Industrial Services median.

12.3x19.2x26.0x32.9xAug '24Feb '25Aug '25Feb '26Aug '26Nov '2612.3x19.2x26.0x32.9xAug '24May '25Feb '26Nov '26
P/E (this company)10th to 90th percentile of its own historyIts medianIndustrial Services median

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P/B (this company)10th to 90th percentile of its own historyIts medianIndustrial Services median

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P/S (this company)10th to 90th percentile of its own historyIts medianIndustrial Services median
How to read this

Shaded band: 10th to 90th percentile of the company's own P/E history; dotted line: its median; orange line: sector median (companies with a positive multiple, at least 5 in the sector).

Sector figures are built from today's listed companies, so they exclude companies that are no longer listed.

All terms explained in the glossary →

How Industrial Services is valued

Where does it rank among Industrial Services peers?

Each cell is the company's percentile rank among its Industrial Services peers (non-financial companies) that month.
Darker is better-ranked.
Rows marked ↓ are inverted (lower debt, shorter cash cycle and a lower P/E rank higher).

Where it ranks today

  • ROCE57th▼ 3 pts vs a year ago
  • Op. margin56th▲ 8 pts vs a year ago
  • Revenue growth61st▲ 17 pts vs a year ago
  • EPS growth62nd▲ 35 pts vs a year ago
  • Debt/equity ↓34th▲ 8 pts vs a year ago
  • Cash cycle ↓96th▲ 6 pts vs a year ago
  • P/E ↓28th▼ 31 pts vs a year ago
  • 12M momentum94th▲ 50 pts vs a year ago

Rank history

ROCE
Op. margin
Revenue growth
EPS growth
Debt/equity ↓
Cash cycle ↓
P/E ↓
12M momentum
Dec '21Jul '22Jan '23Jul '23Jan '24Jul '24Jan '25Jul '25Jan '26Jul '26Nov '26
Lower rank Higher rank Not enough data

Percentiles use today's listed companies in the sector and need at least 5 peers with a value; grey cells have too few.
ROE is computed from net profit and book value where the source does not report it.

The Industrial Services sector page Watch it move against Industrial Services in the Observatory

What is the price implying?

~19%annual earnings growth implied by the priceBelow delivered growth

At normalised P/E (five-year average earnings) of 28.4x, a holder earning 12%/yr needs earnings to grow about 19.4%/yr for 10 years, then trade at 15x.

Delivered28.3%/yrEPS, last 6 fiscal years · 3-yr avg to 3-yr avg
Gap−8.9 ptsimplied minus delivered
Rank690thmost demanding of 856

Over time

Implied growth by month (solid) and delivered growth (dashed).

0%14%28% Aug 2024Nov 2026 0%14%28% Aug 2024Nov 2026

Change the assumptions

Exit P/E / return11%12%13%
12x21.0%22.1%23.2%
15x18.3%19.4%20.4%
20x15.0%16.0%17.0%

Drag a slider to test other assumptions

Implied: 19.4%/yr

“Implied growth” is what the current price would require under our stated assumptions, not what we expect. How this is calculated and the market-wide lists.

What prices imply across Industrial Services The market-wide Expectations lists

Key figures

Share Priceclose 9 Nov
₹387.75
P/E
21.1x
ROCE
17.0%
Market Cap
₹6758 cr
Revenue (TTM)
₹4155 cr
P/S
1.6x
P/B
3.2x
ROE
15.0%
Operating Margin
15.0%
Debt / Equity
0.6x
Promoter Holding
82.0%
12M Momentum
60.1%

52-week range

₹222.61₹405.90
90% of the way from its 52-week low to its high

Price risk

1Y volatility
30.6%
Beta vs sector
1-year daily
0.45

Balance sheet & cash

Interest cover
operating profit ÷ interest
3.8x
Cash from profit, 3Y
operating cash flow ÷ net profit
-0.91x
low
Share count, 1Y
unchanged

Are profits backed by cash?

4 of 7checks within range2 beyond a threshold
Other income reliance11%Within range

Other income as a share of pre-tax profit (trailing twelve months): 11.0%. Bands: below 15%, 15% to 35%, above 35%.

Tax rate26%Within range

Median quarterly effective tax rate over about 2.5 years: 25.5%. Bands: 15% to 35%, 5% to 15% or 35% to 50%, outside 5% to 50%.

Cash conversion-0.91xBeyond threshold

Operating cash flow divided by net profit over the last three fiscal years: -0.91x (cash from operations ₹-822 cr, net profit ₹900 cr). Bands: 0.8x and above, 0.5x to 0.8x, below 0.5x.

Free cash flow0 of 5 yrsBeyond threshold

Fiscal years with positive free cash flow in the last 5: 0. Bands: at least 80% of years, 40% to 80%, below 40%.

Receivable days vs history-10 daysWithin range

Debtor days are below the median of the previous three fiscal years by 10 days (58 vs 68). Bands: under 15 days, 15 to 45, over 45.

Capital work in progress1% of fixed assetsWithin range

Capital work-in-progress is 1% of fixed assets. Bands: not rising or up to 30%; rising for three years and above 30%; rising and above 60%.

Payable days+435 days / 2 yrsNear threshold

Days payable changed by +435 over two years. Bands: rise of up to 30 days; more than 30 days.

Tap a check to see how it is measured

How to read this

Each check is a named rule with fixed thresholds, not a score. Annual statements are the latest restated figures, so a past year may differ from what was originally reported.

All terms explained in the glossary →

Who has been buying and selling?

  • Over 2 years, DIIs trimmed 3.2 pts; FIIs added 0.9 pts.
  • The number of shareholders fell from 1.9 lakh to 1.3 lakh (-30%) between Sep 2024 and Jun 2026.

Holdings, Jun '26

How each group changed

GroupSep '24Jun '26Change
Promoters82.0%82.0%0.0 pts
FIIs3.0%3.9%+0.9 pts
DIIs6.9%3.6%-3.2 pts
Public and others8.1%10.4%+2.3 pts

Number of shareholders

1.3 lakhshareholders-30% since Sep '24
1.3L1.5L1.7L1.9L Sep '24Mar '25Sep '25Mar '26Jun '26
Sep '24: 1.9 lakh
Dec '24: 1.8 lakh
Mar '25: 1.7 lakh
Jun '25: 1.7 lakh
Sep '25: 1.7 lakh
Dec '25: 1.6 lakh
Mar '26: 1.5 lakh
Jun '26: 1.3 lakh
1.3L1.5L1.7L1.9L Sep '24Jun '25Mar '26Jun '26
Sep '24: 1.9 lakh
Dec '24: 1.8 lakh
Mar '25: 1.7 lakh
Jun '25: 1.7 lakh
Sep '25: 1.7 lakh
Dec '25: 1.6 lakh
Mar '26: 1.5 lakh
Jun '26: 1.3 lakh

Quarterly shareholding as reported, labelled by the quarter it covers (it becomes visible about two months later).
Shareholder counts are only available for recent quarters.

This quarter's smart-money board

What happened next to similar setups

−11.0%typical 12-month return vs the marketBelow the base rate
  • We found 50 past situations where a non-financial company looked like CEIGALL INDIA LIMITED today on valuation, return on capital, margins, debt, growth, price momentum, size and volatility.
  • Over the following 12 months the middle half of them returned −20% to +20% vs the market, against −6% for all non-financial companies in the same months.
  • The analogs' median sat below that base rate (gap −5.0%, 80% range −10.9% to −1.7%), but the matches cluster in only 5 distinct 12-month windows.

Where the 50 outcomes landed

−100%−50%0%+50%+100%
SDBL · Jun 2025: −58.1% vs market
PITTIENG · Nov 2024: −42.5% vs market
DEEPAKFERT · Aug 2022: −39.5% vs market
JKLAKSHMI · Aug 2021: −37.8% vs market
GNA · Feb 2023: −36.3% vs market
GSPL · Jan 2020: −34.2% vs market
DCMSHRIRAM · Jul 2025: −31.4% vs market
PNCINFRA · Sep 2021: −31.0% vs market
KIRLOSENG · Apr 2024: −28.1% vs market
SOMANYCERA · Sep 2021: −27.8% vs market
GODREJAGRO · Apr 2025: −27.4% vs market
WELENT · Jan 2025: −26.4% vs market
TCPLPACK · Jan 2025: −20.2% vs market
JUBLPHARMA · Jun 2025: −20.0% vs market
VRLLOG · Jul 2025: −18.8% vs market
SUDARSCHEM · Feb 2020: −16.6% vs market
CYIENT · Jun 2023: −16.4% vs market
CEATLTD · May 2025: −16.1% vs market
CRAFTSMAN · Feb 2023: −15.6% vs market
EPL · May 2025: −15.4% vs market
WSTCSTPAPR · Aug 2022: −15.1% vs market
RKFORGE · Feb 2024: −13.6% vs market
APOLLOTYRE · Jul 2023: −13.0% vs market
KDDL · Jun 2024: −12.4% vs market
BALRAMCHIN · Apr 2025: −11.3% vs market
KEC · Jan 2020: −10.7% vs market
WELSPUNLIV · Mar 2021: −9.0% vs market
HGINFRA · Apr 2023: −8.7% vs market
TORNTPOWER · Feb 2020: −7.4% vs market
ASKAUTOLTD · Jan 2025: −6.7% vs market
GANECOS · Nov 2022: −3.8% vs market
LTFOODS · Mar 2025: −2.0% vs market
VISHNU · Jul 2025: +2.2% vs market
KNRCON · Jan 2020: +2.9% vs market
SANSERA · Nov 2024: +6.1% vs market
KPRMILL · Jan 2020: +12.8% vs market
MINDACORP · Feb 2024: +19.0% vs market
CCL · Sep 2025: +19.9% vs market
PCBL · Nov 2023: +23.4% vs market
JKCEMENT · Jun 2020: +26.5% vs market
LUMAXIND · Jul 2025: +28.6% vs market
LUMAXTECH · Jun 2025: +30.1% vs market
KRISHANA · Jun 2025: +37.6% vs market
PRICOLLTD · Sep 2025: +39.0% vs market
DALMIASUG · Apr 2021: +49.9% vs market
FSL · Nov 2020: +52.0% vs market
GPIL · Mar 2021: +74.0% vs market
POWERMECH · Sep 2022: +100.6% vs market
APLAPOLLO · Aug 2020: +116.9% vs market
AARTIDRUGS · Feb 2020: +167.5% vs market
Similar setups −11.0%All companies −6.0%← worse than the marketbetter than the market →

Each dot is one past situation (hover or tap for details) · Solid dots are the closest matches, listed below · Shaded is the middle half of all companies in the same months · 3 beyond the range shown, drawn at the edge

Similar setups' median
−11.0%
All companies' median
−6.0%
Beat the market
36% vs 43%

50 past situations · 50 companies · 28 months · 2020–2025

The closest matches

CompanyWhenP/EROCE12M mom.DrawdownNext 12 months
CEATLTD
Consumer Durables
May 2025 32x20% +60%−4% −16%
SANSERA
Producer Manufacturing
Nov 2024 45x16% +89%−8% +6%
JKLAKSHMI
Non-Energy Minerals
Aug 2021 21x20% +171%−4% −38%
POWERMECH
Industrial Services
Sep 2022 19x18% +93%−4% +101%
WELENT
Industrial Services
Jan 2025 28x18% +70%−7% −26%
Show the other 3 matches
CompanyWhenP/EROCE12M mom.DrawdownNext 12 months
PITTIENG
Producer Manufacturing
Nov 2024 45x19% +123%0% −43%
TORNTPOWER
Utilities
Feb 2020 16x12% +25%−8% −7%
AARTIDRUGS
Health Technology
Feb 2020 18x17% +18%−9% +168%
How reliable is this?

Matched on P/E, P/S, ROCE, operating margin, debt/equity, interest cover, revenue growth, 12-month momentum, drawdown from 12-month high, size and volatility. Closest on: P/S, size and drawdown from 12-month high. One match per company and at most 7 from any one month.

Independent periods: the matches fall in 5 distinct 12-month windows. Matches from nearby months share the same market conditions, so fewer windows means less evidence.

How this is built

This is history, not a forecast. These are past situations where other companies had broadly similar reported numbers and price trends. What happened to them does not tell you what will happen to CEIGALL INDIA LIMITED. The comparison covers only 2020–2025, a single market period, and only companies still listed today. Companies that were delisted or went bankrupt are missing, which makes past outcomes look better than they were. Returns exclude dividends and are measured against an ApnaFunda-built index, not an official benchmark. Fundamentals are matched on a 60-day assumed reporting lag, not actual announcement dates. Its historical skill has not yet been measured. Past patterns may not repeat.

Methodology

How historical analogs are built

Data as of 2026-11-09. Outcome pool: Jan 2020 to Oct 2025.

For every company we look at the situation it is in today (valuation, return on capital, margins, debt, growth, 12-month price momentum, drawdown, size and volatility) and find past company-months that looked most like it. We then show what happened to those past situations over the following 12 months, measured against the ApnaFunda All index and against the base rate. It describes history. It does not predict anything.

What is compared

FeatureWeightNon-financialFinancial
P/E1yesyes
P/S1yes—
P/B1—yes
ROCE1yes—
operating margin1yes—
ROE1—yes
debt/equity0.75yes—
interest cover0.5yes—
revenue growth0.75yesyes
12-month momentum1yesyes
drawdown from 12-month high0.75yesyes
size0.75yesyes
volatility0.5yesyes

Weights were set by judgement before any outcome was looked at and are never tuned on results. Loss-making companies (negative P/E or net profit) are only matched with other loss-making companies. Banks, NBFCs and insurers are compared only with each other and use a different feature set. Every feature is converted, month by month, to its rank among companies in the same pool in that month, so a P/E of 30 in a hot market and a P/E of 22 in a cold one can match if both were equally expensive for their time. Only that month's data is used.

How closeness and the sample are defined

Distance is the weighted root-mean-square gap between the standardised features both companies have. A match needs at least 70% of the query's feature weight, a distance of at most 0.9, and 30 matches at minimum to be shown. We keep up to 50 matches with these exclusions: never the company itself, one match per company (its closest month), and at most 7 from any one calendar month so a single market episode cannot dominate.

Base rate

The base rate is the distribution of 12-month returns, relative to the market, of every eligible company-month in the same pool, with each month weighted to match the months the analogs came from. It answers: how did a random company do in these same months? Because matches from nearby months share the same market conditions, we also report the number of distinct 12-month windows behind a result, and a bootstrap that resamples months decides whether the analog median differs from the base rate at all. "Not meaningfully different" is the usual outcome and the page copy is written for it.

Limits you should know

  • One market period. The outcome pool covers 2020–2025 only (70 months), including the 2020 crash and the 2020–21 rally.
  • Survivorship. Only companies listed today are included. Delisted and bankrupt companies are missing, which flatters past outcomes, particularly for distressed-looking setups.
  • Price return only. Dividends are excluded, and the benchmark is an ApnaFunda market-cap-weighted index of the same listed companies, not an official index.
  • Reporting lag. Fundamentals are matched on an assumed 60-day lag after the quarter end, not on real announcement dates.
  • Pools: non-financial: 98,395 company-months from 2019 companies; financial: 5,659 company-months from 108 companies. 2349 companies currently have a result; the rest are suppressed because too few comparable situations exist.

Does it work? A walk-forward check

The walk-forward check has not been run for this build, so skill is shown as not yet measured.

Disclaimer

This is history, not a forecast. These are past situations where other companies had broadly similar reported numbers and price trends. What happened to them does not tell you what will happen to any company shown. The comparison covers only 2020–2025, a single market period, and only companies still listed today. Companies that were delisted or went bankrupt are missing, which makes past outcomes look better than they were. Returns exclude dividends and are measured against an ApnaFunda-built index, not an official benchmark. Fundamentals are matched on a 60-day assumed reporting lag, not actual announcement dates. Its historical skill has not yet been measured. Past patterns may not repeat.

What else looks like this?

Companies with the most similar financial profile today, regardless of industry.

Transportation
65%similar
debt/equitypromoter holding
REDTAPEREDTAPE
Retail Trade
62%similar
market capdebt/equity
JSW CEMENTJSWCEMENT
Non-Energy Minerals
60%similar
P/Edebt/equity
Retail Trade
58%similar
promoter holdingmarket cap
Producer Manufacturing
58%similar
market capROCE
Industrial Services
54%similar
market capdebt/equity
Industrial Services
35%similar
market capoperating margin
Industrial Services
35%similar
revenueP/E

Similarity is statistical, based on reported metrics; it does not imply similar business quality or future returns.

What changed?

16 events since Dec '24

  1. SepPeer rankMoved into the 2nd quartile of Industrial Services on EPS growth (from the 3rd quartile).
  2. SepPriceVolume reached 6.6x its 50-day median on 2026-09-03; price +2.0% that day.
  3. JunResultsYear-on-year EPS growth turned positive.
  4. MayPriceVolume reached 26.5x its 50-day median on 2026-05-07; price +6.1% that day.
  5. FebPriceVolume reached 7.6x its 50-day median on 2026-02-10; price +3.2% that day.
  6. DecPriceFell 44% from the Aug 2024 peak to the Dec 2025 low.
  7. DecPeer rankMoved into the 2nd quartile of Industrial Services on operating margin (from the 3rd quartile).
  8. DecPriceVolume reached 22.8x its 50-day median on 2025-12-29; price +3.6% that day.
Show 8 earlier events
  1. SepPeer rankSlipped to the 3rd quartile of Industrial Services on operating margin (from the 2nd quartile).
  2. AugSharesShare count is up 10.1% over 12 months.
  3. JulPriceVolume reached 25.6x its 50-day median on 2025-07-01; price +7.2% that day.
  4. JunPeer rankSlipped to the 2nd quartile of Industrial Services on ROCE (from the top quartile).
  5. JunDebtDebt / equity fell below 1.0x (0.76x).
  6. JunPriceVolume reached 6.9x its 50-day median on 2025-06-10; price +4.3% that day.
  7. MarPriceVolume reached 5.4x its 50-day median on 2025-03-27; price +0.5% that day.
  8. DecPriceVolume reached 5.2x its 50-day median on 2024-12-26; price +3.4% that day.

Events are generated from the data by fixed rules.
The month shown is when the change became visible in the reported figures, assuming a 60-day lag after each quarter end; it is not an announcement date.

Where price and fundamentals disagree, market-wide Rewind the whole market to any month

Monthly history28 months · 2024-08 to 2026-11
MonthP/ERevenue (TTM)ROEROCEDebt / Equity
2026-1121.1x₹4155 cr15.0%17.0%0.6x
2026-1021.2x₹4155 cr15.0%17.0%0.6x
2026-0920.8x₹4155 cr15.0%17.0%0.6x
2026-0819.1x₹4023 cr14.4%17.0%0.6x
2026-0719.1x₹4023 cr14.4%17.0%0.6x
2026-0621.9x₹4023 cr14.4%17.0%0.6x
2026-0523.3x₹3648 cr13.7%19.0%0.8x
2026-0422.8x₹3648 cr13.7%19.0%0.8x
2026-0318.2x₹3648 cr13.7%19.0%0.8x
2026-0219.1x₹3488 cr13.6%19.0%0.8x
2026-0118.2x₹3488 cr13.6%19.0%0.8x
2025-1218.1x₹3488 cr13.6%19.0%0.8x
2025-1115.8x₹3453 cr14.2%19.0%0.8x
2025-1016.4x₹3453 cr14.2%19.0%0.8x
2025-0917.1x₹3453 cr14.2%19.0%0.8x
2025-0814.1x₹3437 cr15.7%19.0%0.8x
2025-0714.4x₹3437 cr15.7%19.0%0.8x
2025-0614.6x₹3437 cr15.7%19.0%0.8x
2025-0512.5x₹3369 cr36.4%30.0%1.2x
2025-0412.7x₹3369 cr36.4%30.0%1.2x
2025-0312.7x₹3369 cr36.4%30.0%1.2x
2025-0212.3x₹3233 cr37.2%30.0%1.2x
2025-0114.6x₹3233 cr37.2%30.0%1.2x
2024-1216.3x₹3233 cr37.2%30.0%1.2x
2024-1115.8x₹3202 cr38.1%30.0%1.2x
2024-1016.1x₹3202 cr38.1%30.0%1.2x
2024-0917.3x₹3202 cr38.1%30.0%1.2x
2024-0820.2x₹3030 cr34.2%30.0%1.2x

Methodology and data notes

Methodology

Methodology and data notes

All figures come from public exchange prices and screener.in financial statements. Quarterly and annual results are shown from 60 days after the period end, so a month never uses a result before it would plausibly have been published. Statements are the latest versions, which may include later restatements.

Sector medians, percentiles and indices use today's listed companies in the sector (survivorship bias). Prices are adjusted for splits and bonus issues; around a corporate action the fundamentals may lag the price by up to a month, and affected sections are hidden.

The return decomposition uses price = P/E × net profit ÷ share count. The reverse DCF uses a fixed 12% cost of equity, a 10-year horizon and a 15x terminal P/E, and is an illustration only. Events, flags and twins follow fixed rules and thresholds described next to each section.

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